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Turno pacifico)
El Turno Pacífico was a system put in place in Spain under the Restoration by Antonio Canovas del Castillo as a method of both rigging the elections and giving both establishment parties a turn at Government. After almost a whole century of political instability and many civil wars, the aim of the Restoration was to create a new political system, which ensured stability. Under this plan, "the Peaceful Turn", the two political parties of the time, the Liberal-Conservatives of the centre-right and the Liberals on the centre-left, would take turns being in power so no sector of the bourgeoisie felt isolated and patronage could be doubled. It excluded all other parties from the possibility of victory. This was achieved by electoral fraud: local bosses in most constituencies would instruct their clients how to vote. Despite being modelled on the UK system, it lacked a responsiveness to popular opinion as (until about 1914) the outcome was broadly decided in advance.
|
|
Deputies |
|
| Period |
Absten. |
PSOE |
C. Rep. Soc. |
Repub |
Rep. Dem. |
Democ. |
Reform. |
Progres. |
Constit. |
Liber. Dis. |
Liber. Of. |
Consr. Dis. |
Consr. Of. |
Moder. |
Carlist |
Region. |
Indep. |
| 23/1/1876 |
45 |
|
|
5 |
1 |
|
|
|
27 |
|
|
|
333 |
12 |
|
|
7 |
| 20/4/1879 |
|
|
|
|
|
7 |
|
7 |
56 |
|
|
|
293 |
11 |
|
|
18 |
| 20/8/1881 |
29 |
|
|
|
|
32 |
|
|
|
|
297 |
|
39 |
|
5 |
|
19 |
| 27/4/1884 |
28 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
36 |
31 |
|
318 |
|
|
|
2 |
| 4/4/1886 |
|
|
|
22 |
|
|
|
|
|
10 |
278 |
11 |
56 |
|
2 |
|
13 |
| 1/2/1891 |
|
|
|
31 |
|
|
|
|
|
9 |
74 |
9 |
253 |
|
7 |
|
16 |
| 5/3/1893 |
|
|
|
47 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
281 |
17 |
44 |
|
7 |
|
4 |
| 12/4/1896 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
88 |
10 |
269 |
|
9 |
|
24 |
| 27/3/1898 |
|
|
|
16 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
284 |
18 |
66 |
|
|
|
32 |
| 16/4/1899 |
35 |
|
|
18 |
|
|
|
|
|
29 |
93 |
14 |
222 |
|
3 |
|
23 |
| 19/5/1901 |
33 |
|
|
19 |
|
|
|
|
|
12 |
233 |
8 |
79 |
|
7 |
6 |
37 |
| 26/4/1903 |
|
|
|
36 |
|
|
|
|
|
9 |
93 |
10 |
230 |
|
7 |
7 |
11 |
| 10/9/1905 |
|
|
|
30 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
229 |
26 |
96 |
|
5 |
7 |
11 |
| 21/4/1907 |
33 |
|
|
17 |
|
|
|
|
|
9 |
69 |
|
252 |
|
11 |
41 |
5 |
| 8/5/1910 |
17 |
1 |
|
37 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
219 |
|
102 |
|
10 |
8 |
11 |
| 8/3/1914 |
24.7 |
1 |
|
33 |
|
|
|
|
|
36 |
85 |
26 |
188 |
|
7 |
13 |
19 |
| 9/4/1916 |
20.3 |
|
20 |
|
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
230 |
25 |
88 |
|
10 |
14 |
11 |
| 24/2/1918 |
29.6 |
6 |
|
15 |
|
|
8 |
|
|
75 |
92 |
57 |
98 |
|
13 |
32 |
13 |
| 1/6/1919 |
28.8 |
6 |
|
15 |
|
|
8 |
|
|
81 |
52 |
109 |
93 |
|
5 |
23 |
10 |
| 19/12/1920 |
33.6 |
4 |
|
15 |
|
|
10 |
|
|
63 |
40 |
47 |
185 |
|
8 |
19 |
18 |
| 29/4/1923 |
23.2 |
7 |
|
11 |
|
|
20 |
|
|
|
203 |
27 |
81 |
|
6 |
22 |
32 |
