Outline of Canada

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Canada is a country occupying most of northern North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean. It is the world's second largest country by total area,^[1] and shares land borders with the United States to the south and northwest, and marine borders with France and Greenland on the east and northeast, respectively.

The lands have been inhabited for millennia by various groups of aboriginal peoples. Beginning in the late 15th century, British and French expeditions explored and later settled the Atlantic coast. France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 after the Seven Years War. In 1867, with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation, Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces.^[2][3][4] This began an accretion of additional provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom, highlighted by the Statute of Westminster in 1931 and culminating in the Canada Act in 1982 which severed the vestiges of legal dependence on the British parliament.

A federation now comprising ten provinces and three territories, Canada is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy with Queen Elizabeth II as its head of state. It is a bilingual and multicultural country, with both English and French as official languages at the federal level. Technologically advanced and industrialized, Canada maintains a diversified economy that is heavily reliant upon its abundant natural resources and upon trade—particularly with the United States, with which Canada has a long and complex relationship.

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Canada:

Contents 1 General reference 2 Geography of Canada 2.1 Environment of Canada 2.1.1 Geographic features of Canada 2.2 Regions of Canada 2.2.1 Other regions 2.2.2 Ecoregions of Canada 2.3 Administrative divisions of Canada 2.3.1 Provinces 2.3.2 Territories 2.3.2.1 Municipalities of Canada 2.4 Demography of Canada 2.5 Demographics by political division 2.5.1 Provinces 2.5.2 Territories 3 Government and politics of Canada 3.1 Branches of the government of Canada 3.1.1 Executive branch of the government of Canada 3.1.2 Legislative branch of the government of Canada 3.1.3 Judicial branch of the government of Canada 3.2 Foreign relations of Canada 3.2.1 International organization membership 3.3 Law and order in Canada 3.4 Military of Canada 3.5 Province governments 3.6 Territory governments 3.7 Politics by political division 3.7.1 Provinces 3.7.2 Territories 4 History of Canada 4.1 History of Canada by period 4.2 History of Canada by political division 4.2.1 Provinces 4.2.2 Territories 5 Culture of Canada 5.1 Culture by political division 5.1.1 Provinces 5.1.2 Territories 5.2 Art in Canada 5.2.1 Music of Canada 5.2.1.1 Music by political division 5.2.1.1.1 Provinces 5.2.1.1.2 Territories 5.3 Sport in Canada 6 Economy of Canada 6.1 Economics by political division 6.1.1 Provinces 6.1.2 Territories 7 Education in Canada 7.1 Higher Education by political division 7.1.1 Provinces 7.1.2 Territories 8 Infrastructure of Canada 9 See also 10 References 11 External links

[edit] General reference

• Pronunciation: /'kænədə/
• Common English country name: Canada
• Official English country name: Canada
• Common endonym: Canada
• Official endonym: Canada
• Adjectival: Canadian, Canada
• Demonym: Canadian, Canadien
• Etymology: Name of Canada
• ISO country codes: CA, CAN, 124
• ISO region codes: See ISO 3166-2:CA
• Internet country code top-level domain: .ca
• International rankings of Canada
• ISO country codes: CA, CAN, 124
• ISO region codes: See ISO 3166-2:CA
• Internet country code top-level domain: .ca

[edit] Geography of Canada

• Canada is...
  • a country
    • a nation state
    • a Commonwealth Realm
• Location:
  • Northern Hemisphere, Western Hemisphere
    • Americas
      • North America
        • Northern America
  • Time zones (Time in Canada):
    • Newfoundland Time Zone: NST (UTC-03:30) or NDT (UTC-02:30)
    • Atlantic Time Zone: AST (UTC-04) or ADT (UTC-03)
    • Eastern Time Zone: EST (UTC-05) or EDT (UTC-04)
    • Central Time Zone: CST (UTC-06) or CDT (UTC-05)
    • Mountain Time Zone: MST (UTC-07) or MDT (UTC-06)
    • Pacific Time Zone: PST (UTC-08) or PDT (UTC-07)
  • Extreme points of Canada
    • North: Cape Columbia, Nunavut - (83°08' N, 74°13'W)
    • South: Middle Island, Ontario - (41°41'N, 82°40'W)
    • East: Cape Spear, Newfoundland - (47°31'N, 52°37'W)
    • West: Yukon-Alaska border - (141°00'W)
    • High: Mount Logan, Yukon - 5,959 m
    • Low: Atlantic Ocean - 0 m
  • Land boundaries:  United States 8,893 km^[5]
  • Coastline: 202,080 km^[6]
• Population of Canada: 33,338,000 people (2008 estimate) - 36th most populous country
• Area of Canada: 9,984,670 km² (3,854,085 sq mi) - 2nd most extensive country
• Atlas of Canada

[edit] Environment of Canada

• Climate of Canada
• Ecology of Canada
  • Ecoregions in Canada
  • Renewable energy in Canada
• Geology of Canada
  • Earthquakes in Canada
• National parks of Canada
• Protected areas of Canada
• Wildlife of Canada
  • Flora of Canada
  • Fauna of Canada
    • Birds of Canada
    • Mammals of Canada

[edit] Geographic features of Canada

• Canadian Arctic
• Fjords of Canada
• Glaciers of Canada
• Islands of Canada
• Lakes of Canada
  • Great Lakes
• Mountain peaks of Canada
  • The 100 Highest mountain peaks of Canada
  • The 142 Most prominent mountain peaks of Canada
  • The 100 Most isolated mountain peaks of Canada
  • Appalachian Mountains
  • Pacific Cordillera
  • Rocky Mountains
  • Volcanoes of Canada
• Prairies of Canada
• Rivers of Canada
  • Waterfalls of Canada
• Valleys of Canada
• World Heritage Sites in Canada
• Other
  • Canadian Shield
  • St. Lawrence Lowlands
  • List of National Historic Sites of Canada

[edit] Regions of Canada

Main article: Regions of Canada

• Northern Canada (The North)
• Western Canada
  • Prairies
• Eastern Canada
  • Central Canada
  • Atlantic Canada
    • Maritimes

[edit] Other regions

• English Canada, sometimes known as the Rest of Canada (excluding Quebec) when considering topics of language
• French Canada
• Acadia
• Quebec-Windsor Corridor

[edit] Ecoregions of Canada

Main article: Ecoregions of Canada

[edit] Administrative divisions of Canada

[edit] Provinces

Province, with flag	Postal abbreviation/ ISO code	Other abbreviations	Capital	Entered Confederation	Population (2007)[7]	Area (km²)
						Land	Water	Total
Ontario1	ON	Ont.	Toronto	July 1, 1867	12,753,702	917,741	158,654	1,076,395
Quebec1	QC	Que., PQ, P.Q.	Quebec City		7,687,068	1,356,128	185,928	1,542,056
Nova Scotia2	NS	N.S.	Halifax		932,966	53,338	1,946	55,284
New Brunswick2	NB	N.B.	Fredericton		748,878	71,450	1,458	72,908
Manitoba3	MB	Man.	Winnipeg	July 15, 1870	1,182,921	553,556	94,241	647,797
British Columbia2	BC	B.C.	Victoria	July 20, 1871	4,352,798	925,186	19,549	944,735
Prince Edward Island2	PE	PEI, P.E.I., P.E. Island	Charlottetown	July 1, 1873	138,800	5,660	—	5,660
Saskatchewan4	SK	Sask., SK, SKWN	Regina	September 1, 1905	990,212	591,670	59,366	651,036
Alberta4	AB	Alta.	Edmonton		3,455,062	642,317	19,531	661,848
Newfoundland and Labrador5	NL	Nfld., NF, LB	St. John's	March 31, 1949	506,548	373,872	31,340	405,212

Notes:

[edit] Territories

There are currently three territories in Canada. Unlike the provinces, the territories of Canada have no inherent jurisdiction and only have those powers delegated to them by the federal government.

Territory, with flag	Postal abbreviation/ ISO code	Other abbreviations	Capital	Entered Confederation	Population (2007)	Area (km²)
						Land	Water	Total
Northwest Territories	NT	N.W.T., NWT	Yellowknife	July 15, 1870	41,795	1,183,085	163,021	1,346,106
Yukon	YT	Y.T., YK	Whitehorse	June 13, 1898	30,883	474,391	8,052	482,443
Nunavut	NU	NV	Iqaluit	April 1, 1999	31,216	1,936,113	157,077	2,093,190

Note: Canada did not acquire any new land to create Yukon, Alberta, Saskatchewan, or Nunavut. All of these originally formed part of Northwest Territories.

[edit] Municipalities of Canada

• Cities of Canada
  • Capital of Canada: Ottawa

[edit] Demography of Canada

• Immigration to Canada
• Aboriginal peoples in Canada

[edit] Demographics by political division

[edit] Provinces

Demographics of Alberta Demographics of British Columbia Demographics of Vancouver (city) Demographics of Manitoba Demographics of New Brunswick Demographics of Newfoundland and Labrador Demographics of Nova Scotia

Demographics of Ontario Demographics of Toronto (city) Demographics of Prince Edward Island Demographics of Quebec Demographic history of Quebec Demographics of Montreal (city) Demographics of Saskatchewan

[edit] Territories

• Demographics of Northwest Territories
• Demographics of Nunavut
• Demographics of the Yukon

[edit] Government and politics of Canada

Main article: Government of Canada and Politics of Canada

• Form of government: constitutional monarchy and democratic parliamentary federation
• Capital of Canada: Ottawa

• Canadian and American politics compared
• Canadian and Australian politics compared
• Canadian Conservatism
• List of Canadian federal general elections
• Canadian Nationalism
• Elections in Canada
  • Electoral ridings
  • Electoral system
  • List of elections
• Federalism in Canada
• Human rights in Canada
• Liberalism in Canada
• Political culture of Canada
• Political parties in Canada
• Political scandals of Canada
• Progressivism in Canada
• Socialism and Social Democracy in Canada
• Taxation in Canada

[edit] Branches of the government of Canada

[edit] Executive branch of the government of Canada

• Head of state: Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada
  • Governor General of Canada, the Queen's representative
    • Queen's Privy Council for Canada
• Head of government: Stephen Harper, Prime Minister of Canada
  • Cabinet of Canada (Minority government)

[edit] Legislative branch of the government of Canada

• Parliament of Canada
  • The Queen
  • Senate of Canada
    • Speaker of the Canadian Senate
  • Canadian House of Commons
    • Speaker of the Canadian House of Commons

[edit] Judicial branch of the government of Canada

• Supreme Court of Canada
• Appellate Courts of the provinces and territories
  • Alberta Court of Appeal
  • British Columbia Court of Appeal
  • Manitoba Court of Appeal
  • New Brunswick Court of Appeal
  • Supreme Court of Newfoundland (Court of Appeal)
  • Court of Appeal for the Northwest Territories
  • Nova Scotia Court of Appeal
  • Nunavut Court of Appeal
  • Court of Appeal for Ontario
  • Supreme Court of Prince Edward Island - Appeal Division
  • Quebec Court of Appeal
  • Saskatchewan Court of Appeal
  • Court of Appeal of the Yukon Territory
• Superior-level courts of the provinces and territories
  • Court of Queen's Bench of Alberta
  • Supreme Court of British Columbia
  • Court of Queen's Bench of Manitoba
  • Court of Queen's Bench of New Brunswick
  • Supreme Court of Newfoundland and Labrador (Trial Division)
  • Supreme Court of the Northwest Territories
  • Supreme Court of Nova Scotia
  • Nunavut Court of Justice
  • Ontario Superior Court of Justice
  • Supreme Court of Prince Edward Island - Trial Division
  • Quebec Superior Court
  • Court of Queen's Bench for Saskatchewan
  • Supreme Court of the Yukon Territory

[edit] Foreign relations of Canada

Canadian Confederation Canada–Caribbean relations Canada–Jamaica relations Canada–Croatia relations Canada–Cyprus relations Canada–Czech Republic relations Canada–Denmark relations Canada–Egypt relations Canada–Estonia relations Canada–Ethiopia relations Canada–Finland relations Canada–France relations Canada–Georgia relations Canada–Germany relations Greek-Canadian relations Canada–Holy See relations Canada–Hungary relations Canada–Iceland relations Canada–India relations Canada–Indonesia relations Canada–Ireland relations Canada–Israel relations Canada–Italy relations Canada–Japan relations Canada–Kazakhstan relations

Canada–Kenya relations Canada–Kosovo relations Canada-Latin America relations Brazilian–Canadian relations Canada–Chile relations Canada–Colombia relations Canada–Panama relations Canada–Paraguay relations Canada–Peru relations Canada–Uruguay relations Canada–Venezuela relations Canada–Mexico relations Canada–Latvia relations Canada–Lebanon relations Canada–Lithuania relations Canada–Luxembourg relations Canada–Malaysia relations Canada–Malta relations Canada–Mongolia relations Canada–Montenegro relations Canada–Morocco relations Canada–Netherlands relations Canada–New Zealand relations Canada–Nigeria relations Canada–Norway relations

Canada–Pakistan relations Canada–People's Republic of China relations Canada–Philippines relations Canada–Poland relations Canada–Romania relations Canada–Russia relations Canada–Saudi Arabia relations Canada–Serbia relations Canada–Singapore relations Canada–Slovakia relations Canada–Slovenia relations Canada–South Korea relations Canada–Soviet Union relations Canada–Spain relations Canada–Sweden relations Canada–Switzerland relations Canada–Thailand relations Canada–Tunisia relations Canada–Turkey relations Canada–Ukraine relations Canada–United Kingdom relations Canada – United States relations Canada–Vietnam relations Canada–Zimbabwe relations

[edit] International organization membership

Canada is a member of: ^[1]

African Development Bank Group (AfDB) (nonregional member) African Union/United Nations Hybrid operation in Darfur (UNAMID) Agence de coopération culturelle et technique (ACCT) Arctic Council Asian Development Bank (ADB) (nonregional member) Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Association of Southeast Asian Nations Regional Forum (ARF) Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) (dialogue partner) Australia Group Bank for International Settlements (BIS) Caribbean Development Bank (CDB) Commonwealth of Nations Council of Europe (CE) (observer) Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council (EAPC) European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) European Space Agency (ESA) (cooperating state) Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Group of Seven (G7) Group of Eight (G8) Group of Ten (G10) Group of Twenty Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors (G20) Inter-American Development Bank (IADB) International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) International Criminal Court (ICCt) International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol) International Development Association (IDA) International Energy Agency (IEA) International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRCS) International Finance Corporation (IFC) International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) International Labour Organization (ILO) International Maritime Organization (IMO) International Mobile Satellite Organization (IMSO) International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Olympic Committee (IOC) International Organization for Migration (IOM) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement (ICRM)

International Telecommunication Union (ITU) International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (ITSO) International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC) Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) Nonaligned Movement (NAM) (guest) North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) Organisation internationale de la Francophonie (OIF) Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) Organization of American States (OAS) Pacific Islands Forum (PIF) (observer) Paris Club Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) (partner) Southeast European Cooperative Initiative (SECI) United Nations (UN) United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF) United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) United Nations Mission in the Sudan (UNMIS) United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUC) United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH) United Nations Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO) Universal Postal Union (UPU) World Confederation of Labour (WCL) World Customs Organization (WCO) World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU) World Health Organization (WHO) World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) World Meteorological Organization (WMO) World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) World Trade Organization (WTO) Zangger Committee (ZC)

[edit] Law and order in Canada

Main article: Law of Canada

• Constitution of Canada
• Crime in Canada
• Law enforcement in Canada
  • Criminal law statute
    • Criminal Code of Canada
  • National law enforcement agencies
    • Royal Canadian Mounted Police
  • Regional law enforcement agencies
    • Ontario Provincial Police
    • Royal Newfoundland Constabulary
    • Sûreté du Québec
  • Local law enforcement agencies
    • Durham Regional Police Service
    • Peel Regional Police
    • Toronto Police Service
    • York Regional Police

[edit] Military of Canada

Main article: Military of Canada

• Command structure
  • Commander-in-chief: Governor General of Canada (nominally, see also The Canadian Crown and the Canadian Forces)
  • Prime Minister of Canada (de facto Commander-in-chief)
    • Minister of National Defence
      • Chief of the Defence Staff
        • Maritime Command (MARCOM), command of the Navy;
        • Land Force Command (LFC) command of the Army;
        • Air Command (AIRCOM), command of the Air Force.
        • Canada Command (CANCOM), responsible for all operations within Canada;
        • Canadian Expeditionary Force Command (CEFCOM), responsible for operations outside of Canada;
        • Canadian Special Operations Forces Command (CANSOFCOM), responsible for special forces operations within Canada and abroad.
        • Canadian Operational Support Command (CANOSCOM)
• Canadian Forces
  • Army: Canadian Forces Land Force Command
  • Navy: Canadian Forces Maritime Command
  • Air force: Canadian Forces Air Command
  • Special forces: Canadian Special Operations Forces Command
  • Military reserve force: Canadian Forces reserve force
    • Canadian Forces Primary Reserve
    • Canadian Forces Supplementary Reserve
    • Canadian Rangers
    • Cadet Instructors Cadre

[edit] Province governments

Government of Alberta Government of British Columbia Government of Vancouver (city) Government of Manitoba Legislative Assembly of Manitoba Monarchy in Manitoba Government of New Brunswick Government of Newfoundland and Labrador Government of Nova Scotia

Government of Ontario Government of Toronto (city) Government of Prince Edward Island Government of Quebec Government of Montreal (city) Government of Saskatchewan

[edit] Territory governments

• Government of the Northwest Territories
• Government of Nunavut
• Government of the Yukon

[edit] Politics by political division

[edit] Provinces

Politics of Alberta Politics of Calgary (city) Politics of British Columbia Politics of Vancouver (city) Politics of Manitoba Politics of New Brunswick Politics of Newfoundland and Labrador Politics of Nova Scotia

Politics of Ontario Politics of Ottawa Politics of Toronto (city) Politics of Prince Edward Island Politics of Quebec Politics of Saskatchewan

[edit] Territories

• Politics of Northwest Territories
• Politics of Nunavut
• Politics of the Yukon

[edit] History of Canada

Main article: History of Canada, Timeline of Canadian history, and Current events of Canada

• Constitutional history
• Military history
• Economic history
• Fires in Canada

[edit] History of Canada by period

• New France
• Canada under British Imperial Control (1764-1867)
• Post-Confederation Canada (1867-1914)
• Canada in the World Wars and Interwar Years
• History of Canada (1945-1960)
• History of Canada (1960-1981)
• History of Canada (1982-1992)
• History of Canada (1992-Present)

[edit] History of Canada by political division

[edit] Provinces

History of Alberta History of British Columbia History of Vancouver (city) History of Manitoba History of New Brunswick History of Newfoundland and Labrador History of Nova Scotia

History of Ontario History of Toronto (city) History of Prince Edward Island History of Quebec Demographic history of Quebec History of Montreal (city) History of Saskatchewan

[edit] Territories

• History of Nunavut
• History of the Northwest Territories
• History of the Yukon

[edit] Culture of Canada

Main article: Culture of Canada

• Age and internet use in Canada
• Alcoholic beverages in Canada
• Architecture of Canada
• Cuisine of Canada
• Ethnic groups in Canada
• Festivals in Canada
• Humour in Canada
• Languages of Canada
• Media in Canada
• National symbols of Canada
  • Coat of arms of Canada
  • Flag of Canada
  • National anthem of Canada
• Prostitution in Canada
• Public holidays in Canada
• Religion in Canada
  • Buddhism in Canada
  • Christianity in Canada
  • Hinduism in Canada
  • Islam in Canada
  • Judaism in Canada
  • Sikhism in Canada
• World Heritage Sites in Canada

[edit] Culture by political division

[edit] Provinces

Culture of Alberta Culture of British Columbia Culture of Vancouver (city) Culture of Manitoba Culture of New Brunswick

Culture of Nova Scotia Culture of Ontario Culture of Hamilton, Ontario (city) Culture of Toronto (city)

Culture of Prince Edward Island Culture of Quebec Culture of Montreal (city) Culture of Saskatchewan

[edit] Territories

• Culture of Northwest Territories
• Culture of Nunavut
• Culture of the Yukon

[edit] Art in Canada

• Art in Canada
• Cinema of Canada
• Literature of Canada
• Television in Canada
• Theatre in Canada

[edit] Music of Canada

Main article: Music of Canada

• Canadian blues
• Canadian classical music
• Canadian hip hop
• Canadian Idol
• Canadian rock
• Caribbean music in Canada

[edit] Music by political division

[edit] Provinces

Music of Alberta Music of British Columbia Music of Vancouver (city) Music of Manitoba Music of New Brunswick Music of Newfoundland and Labrador Music of Nova Scotia

Music of Ontario Music of Toronto (city) Music of Prince Edward Island Music of Quebec Music of Montreal (city) Music of Saskatchewan

[edit] Territories

• Music of Northwest Territories
• Music of Nunavut
• Music of the Yukon

[edit] Sport in Canada

Main article: Sport in Canada

Official Sports

• Ice hockey
• Lacrosse

Other sports

• Canadian football
• Canada at the Olympics
• Association Football (Soccer) in Canada

[edit] Economy of Canada

• Economic rank, by nominal GDP (2007): 9th (ninth)
• Agriculture in Canada
• Communications in Canada
• Companies of Canada

• Currency of Canada: Dollar
  • ISO 4217: CAD

• Economic history of Canada
• Mining in Canada
• National Bank of Canada
• Tourism in Canada
• Transport in Canada
• Stock exchanges:

• CNQ
• Nasdaq Canada
• Toronto Stock Exchange, S&P/TSX 60 is the main index of TSX
• TSX Venture Exchange
• Winnipeg Commodity Exchange
• Montreal Exchange

[edit] Economics by political division

[edit] Provinces

Economy of Alberta Economy of British Columbia Economy of Vancouver (city) Economy of Manitoba Economy of New Brunswick Economy of Newfoundland and Labrador Economy of Nova Scotia

Economy of Ontario Economy of Toronto (city) Economy of Prince Edward Island Economy of Quebec Demographic history of Quebec Economy of Montreal (city) Economy of Saskatchewan

[edit] Territories

• Economy of Northwest Territories
• Economy of Nunavut
• Economy of the Yukon

[edit] Education in Canada

Main article: Education in Canada

Main article: Higher education in Canada

[edit] Higher Education by political division

[edit] Provinces

Higher education in Alberta Higher education in British Columbia Higher education in Manitoba Higher education in New Brunswick Higher education in Newfoundland and Labrador Higher education in Nova Scotia

Higher education in Ontario Higher education in Prince Edward Island Higher education in Quebec Higher education in Saskatchewan

[edit] Territories

• Higher education in Northwest Territories
• Higher education in Nunavut
• Higher education in the Yukon

[edit] Infrastructure of Canada

• Communications in Canada
  • Internet in Canada
• Energy in Canada
• Health care in Canada
  • Emergency medical services in Canada
• Transportation in Canada
  • Airports in Canada
  • Rail transport in Canada
  • Roads in Canada
• Water supply and sanitation in Canada
• Fires in Canada

[edit] See also

• Commonwealth realm
• Index of Canada-related articles
• List of Canada-related topics
• List of international rankings
• Member state of the Commonwealth of Nations
• Member state of the Group of Twenty Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors
• Member state of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization
• Member state of the United Nations
• Monarchy of Canada
• Outline of geography
• Outline of North America

[edit] References

[edit] External links

• Wikimedia Atlas of Canada
• Canada travel guide from Wikitravel

Government

• Official website of the Government of Canada
• Official website of the Prime Minister of Canada
• Official website of the Governor General of Canada
• Official website of the Canadian Forces
• Official Government of Canada online Atlas of Canada
• Permanent Mission of Canada to the United Nations

Crown corporations

• Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
• Canada Post
• Canadian Tourism Commission

Other

• Culture.ca — Canada's Cultural Gateway
• Culturescope.ca — Canadian Cultural Observatory
• Canadian Studies: A Guide to the Sources
• Statistics Canada with Canada's population clock
• The Canadian Atlas Online
• Canada entry at The World Factbook
• UN Human Development Program: Country Fact Sheet: Canada, Statistics — Country Sheet: Canada
• Canada travel guide from Wikitravel
• Canada from The Canadian Encyclopedia

v • d • e   Canada topics History Timeline New France (to 1763) · Under British Control (1763-1867) · Post-Confederation (1867-1914) · World Wars and Interwar Years (1914-1945) · 1945-1960 · 1960-1981 · 1982-1992 · since 1992 Topics Military · Economy · Constitution · Slavery · Women's rights · Current events Politics Government · Law (Constitution) · The Crown · Governor General · Parliament (Senate · House of Commons) · Prime Minister (List) · Elections · Courts (Supreme Court) · Military · Local Government · Foreign relations · Gun politics · LGBT rights Geography Regions (west to east) Coast Mountains · Interior Plateau · Columbia Mountains · Rocky Mountains · Prairies · Western Canada · Northern Canada · Canadian Shield · Great Lakes · Central Canada · Saint Lawrence Lowlands · Appalachian Mountains · Arctic Cordillera · Atlantic Canada · Maritimes Topics Animals (Mammals · Reptiles) · Cities · Wettest-known tropical cyclones · Extreme communities · Islands · Mountains · National parks · Plants · Regions · Rivers · Volcanoes Economy Agriculture · Banking · Bank of Canada · Canadian dollar · Communications · Companies · Health care · Toronto Stock Exchange · Taxation · Transportation · Social programs · Poverty Demographics Topics Immigration · Languages · Religion · Obesity in Canada · 1996 Census · 2001 Census · 2006 Census · List of population of Canada by years Top 100s Metro areas · Urban areas · Municipalities Culture Architecture · Art · Cinema · Cuisine · People · Holidays · Identity · Literature · Music (Blues · Celtic · Classical · Hip hop · Rock) · Nationalism · Protection of · Sport · Olympics · Theatre Symbols Coat of Arms · Flags · National Flag · Provincial and territorial · Regional tartans · Royal symbols · Heraldry

International membership, relationships and history v • d • e Members of the Commonwealth of Nations Sovereign states Antigua and Barbuda · Australia · Bahamas · Bangladesh · Barbados · Belize · Botswana · Brunei · Cameroon · Canada · Cyprus · Dominica · Fiji · The Gambia · Ghana · Grenada · Guyana · India · Jamaica · Kenya · Kiribati · Lesotho · Malawi · Malaysia · Maldives · Malta · Mauritius · Mozambique · Namibia · Nauru · New Zealand · Nigeria · Pakistan · Papua New Guinea · St. Kitts and Nevis · St. Lucia · St. Vincent and the Grenadines · Samoa · Seychelles · Sierra Leone · Singapore · Solomon Islands · South Africa · Sri Lanka · Swaziland · Tanzania · Tonga · Trinidad and Tobago · Tuvalu · Uganda · United Kingdom · Vanuatu · Zambia Dependencies Australia Ashmore and Cartier Islands · Australian Antarctic Territory · Christmas Island · Cocos (Keeling) Islands · Coral Sea Islands · Heard Island and McDonald Islands · Norfolk Island New Zealand Cook Islands · Niue · Ross Dependency · Tokelau United Kingdom Akrotiri and Dhekelia · Anguilla · Bermuda · British Antarctic Territory · British Indian Ocean Territory · British Virgin Islands · Cayman Islands · Falkland Islands · Gibraltar · Guernsey · Isle of Man · Jersey · Montserrat · Pitcairn Islands · St. Helena (including Ascension Island and Tristan da Cunha) · South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands · Turks and Caicos Islands v • d • e States with an Anglophone majority – the English-speaking world Europe Guernsey • Ireland • Isle of Man • Jersey • United Kingdom Asia Singapore Americas Antigua and Barbuda • The Bahamas • Barbados • Canada • Dominica • Guyana • Jamaica • Saint Kitts and Nevis • Saint Vincent and the Grenadines • Trinidad and Tobago • United States Oceania Australia • Marshall Islands • Federated States of Micronesia • Nauru • New Zealand • Palau v • d • e British Empire and Commonwealth of Nations Legend Current territory  ·   Former territory * now a Commonwealth Realm  ·   now a member of the Commonwealth of Nations Europe  18th century 1708–1757  Minorca since 1713  Gibraltar 1763–1782  Minorca 1798–1802  Minorca 19th century 1800–1964  Malta 1807–1890  Heligoland 1809–1864  Ionian Islands 1878–1960  Cyprus 20th century since 1960  Akrotiri and Dhekelia (before as part of Cyprus) North America  17th century 1607–1776  Virginia 1610–1907  Newfoundland since 1619  Bermuda 1620–1691  Plymouth Colony 1629–1691  Massachusetts Bay Colony 1632–1776  Maryland 1636–1776  Connecticut 1636–1776  Rhode Island 1637–1662  New Haven Colony 1663–1712  Carolina 1664–1776  New York 1665–1776  New Jersey 1670–1870  Rupert's Land 1674–1702  East Jersey 1674–1702  West Jersey 1680–1776  New Hampshire 1681–1776  Pennsylvania 1686–1689  Dominion of New England 1691–1776  Massachusetts 18th century 1701–1776  Delaware 1712–1776  North Carolina 1712–1776  South Carolina 1713–1867  Nova Scotia 1733–1776  Georgia 1763–1873  Prince Edward Island 1763–1791  Quebec 1763–1783  Florida 1784–1867  New Brunswick 1791–1841  Lower Canada 1791–1841  Upper Canada 19th century 1818–1846  Columbia District / Oregon Country1 1841–1867  Province of Canada 1849–1866  Vancouver Island 1853–1863  Colony of the Queen Charlotte Islands 1858–1866  British Columbia 1859–1870  North-Western Territory 1862–1863  Stikine Territory 1866–1871  Vancouver Island                       and British Columbia 1867–1931  *Dominion of Canada2 20th century 1907–1949  Dominion of Newfoundland3 1Occupied jointly with the United States 2In 1931, Canada and other British dominions obtained self-government through the Statute of Westminster. see Canada's name. 3Gave up self-rule in 1934, but remained a de jure Dominion until it joined Canada in 1949. Latin America and the Caribbean  17th century 1605–1979  *Saint Lucia 1623–1883  Saint Kitts (*Saint Kitts & Nevis) 1624–1966  *Barbados 1625–1650  Saint Croix 1627–1979  *St. Vincent and the Grenadines 1628–1883  Nevis (*Saint Kitts & Nevis) 1629–1641  St. Andrew and Providence Islands4 since 1632  Montserrat 1632–1860  Antigua (*Antigua & Barbuda) 1643–1860  Bay Islands since 1650  Anguilla 1651–1667  Willoughbyland (Suriname) 1655–1850  Mosquito Coast (protectorate) 1655–1962  *Jamaica since 1666  British Virgin Islands since 1670  Cayman Islands 1670–1973  *Bahamas 1670–1688  St. Andrew and Providence Islands4 1671–1816  Leeward Islands 18th century 1762–1974  *Grenada 1763–1978  Dominica since 1799  Turks and Caicos Islands 19th century 1831–1966  British Guiana (Guyana) 1833–1960  Windward Islands 1833–1960  Leeward Islands 1860–1981  *Antigua and Barbuda 1871–1964  British Honduras (*Belize) 1882–1983  *St. Kitts and Nevis 1889–1962  Trinidad and Tobago 20th century 1958–1962  West Indies Federation 4Now the San Andrés y Providencia Department of Colombia Africa  18th century 1792–1961  Sierra Leone 1795–1803  Cape Colony 19th century 1806–1910  Cape Colony 1816–1965  Gambia 1856–1910  Natal 1868–1966  Basutoland (Lesotho) 1874–1957  Gold Coast (Ghana) 1882–1922  Egypt 1884–1966  Bechuanaland (Botswana) 1884–1960  British Somaliland 1887–1897  Zululand 1888–1894  Matabeleland 1890–1980  Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe) 1890–1962  Uganda 1890–1963  Zanzibar (Tanzania) 1891–1964  Nyasaland (Malawi) 1891–1907  British Central Africa Protectorate 1893–1968  Swaziland 1895–1920  East Africa Protectorate 1899–1956  Anglo-Egyptian Sudan 20th century 1900–1914  Northern Nigeria 1900–1914  Southern Nigeria 1900–1910  Orange River Colony 1900–1910  Transvaal Colony 1906–1954  Nigeria Colony 1910–1931  South Africa 1911–1964  Northern Rhodesia (Zambia) 1914–1954  Nigeria Protectorate 1915–1931  South West Africa (Namibia) 1919–1960  Cameroons (Cameroon) 5 1920–1963  Kenya 1922–1961  Tanganyika (Tanzania) 5 1954–1960  Nigeria 5League of Nations mandate Asia  18th century 1757–1947  Bengal (West Bengal (India) and Bangladesh) 1762–1764  Philippines 1795–1948  Ceylon (Sri Lanka) 1796–1965  Maldives 19th century 1819–1826  British Malaya (Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore) 1826–1946  Straits Settlements 1839–1967  Colony of Aden 1841–1997  Hong Kong 1841–1941  Kingdom of Sarawak (Malaysia) 1858–1947  British India (India, Pakistan and Bangladesh, Burma) 1882–1963  British North Borneo (Malaysia) 1885–1946  Unfederated Malay States 1888–1984  Sultanate of Brunei 1888–1946  Sultanate of Sulu 1891–1971  Muscat and Oman protectorate 1892–1971  Trucial States protectorate 1895–1946  Federated Malay States 1898–1930  Weihai Garrison 20th century 1918–1961  Kuwait protectorate 1920–1932  Iraq5 1921–1946  Transjordan5 1923–1948  Palestine5 1946–1948  Malayan Union 1946–1963  Sarawak (Malaysia) 1948–1957  Federation of Malaya (Malaysia) since 1965  British Indian Ocean Territory 5League of Nations mandate Oceania  18th century 1788–1901  New South Wales 19th century 1803–1901  Van Diemen's Land/Tasmania 1807–1863  Auckland Islands6 1824–1980  New Hebrides (Vanuatu) 1824–1901  Queensland 1829–1901  Swan River Colony/Western Australia 1836–1901  South Australia since 1838  Pitcairn Islands 1841–1907  Colony of New Zealand 1851–1901  Victoria 1874–1970  Fiji7 1877–1976  British Western Pacific Territories 1884–1949  Territory of Papua 1888–1965  Cook Islands6 1889–1948  Union Islands (Tokelau)6 1892–1979  Gilbert and Ellice Islands8 1893–1978  British Solomon Islands9 20th century 1900–1970  Tonga (protected state) 1900–1974  Niue6 1901–1942  *Commonwealth of Australia 1907–1953  *Dominion of New Zealand 1919–1942  Nauru 1945–1968  Nauru 1919–1949  Territory of New Guinea 1949–1975  Territory of Papua and New Guinea10 6Now part of the *Realm of New Zealand 7Suspended member 8Now Kiribati and *Tuvalu 9Now the *Solomon Islands 10Now *Papua New Guinea Antarctica and South Atlantic  17th century since 1659  St. Helena 19th century since 1815  Ascension Island11 since 1816  Tristan da Cunha11 since 1833  Falkland Islands12 20th century since 1908  British Antarctic Territory13 since 1908  South Georgia and                       the South Sandwich Islands12, 13 11Dependencies of St. Helena since 1922 (Ascension Island) and 1938 (Tristan da Cunha) 12Occupied by Argentina during the Falklands War of April–June 1982 13Both claimed in 1908; territories formed in 1962 (British Antarctic Territory) and 1985 (South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands) v • d • e   Commonwealth realms Antigua and Barbuda · Australia · Bahamas · Barbados · Belize · Canada · Grenada · Jamaica · New Zealand · Papua New Guinea · St Kitts and Nevis · St Lucia · St Vincent and the Grenadines · Solomon Islands · Tuvalu · United Kingdom v • d • e Group of Eight (G8) Members Canada · France · Germany · Italy · Japan · Russia · United Kingdom · United States Representative European Union v • d • e Monarchies List of current monarchs Geography Africa · Americas · Europe · Oceania Absolute Brunei · Saudi Arabia · Swaziland · Vatican City Constitutional Antigua and Barbuda · Australia · Andorra · Bahamas · Bahrain · Barbados · Belize · Belgium · Bhutan · Cambodia · Canada · Denmark · Grenada · Jamaica · Japan1 · Jordan · Kuwait · Liechtenstein · Lesotho · Luxembourg · Malaysia · Monaco · Morocco · Netherlands · New Zealand · Norway · Oman2 · Papua New Guinea · Qatar2 · Spain · Saint Kitts and Nevis · Saint Lucia · Saint Vincent and the Grenadines · Solomon Islands · Sweden · Thailand · Tonga · Tuvalu · United Arab Emirates3 · United Kingdom Elective Andorra · Cambodia · Kuwait · Malaysia · Swaziland · United Arab Emirates3 · Vatican City Subnational Ghana Ashanti · Dagbon Malaysia Johor · Kedah · Kelantan · Negeri Sembilan · Pahang · Perak · Perlis · Selangor · Terengganu Nigeria Ibadan · Nri · Kano · Sokoto Caliphate · Lagos Uganda Ankole · Buganda · Bunyoro · Busoga · Toro United Arab Emirates Abu Dhabi · Ajman · Dubai · Fujairah · Ras al-Khaimah · Sharjah · Umm al-Qaiwain Wallis and Futuna Alo · Sigave · Uvea Others Māori (New Zealand) · Yogyakarta (Indonesia) · Zululand (South Africa) · Barotseland (Zambia) Italics indicate Commonwealth realms, which each share the same monarch as head of state. 1 Monarch debatable as Head of State.   2 Technically constitutional, but effectively absolute.   3 Uses the title President. v • d • e Member states and observers of the Francophonie Members Albania · Andorra · Armenia · Belgium (French Community) · Benin · Bulgaria · Burkina Faso · Burundi · Cambodia · Cameroon · Canada (New Brunswick • Quebec) · Cape Verde · Central African Republic · Chad · Comoros · Cyprus1 · Democratic Republic of the Congo · Republic of the Congo · Côte d'Ivoire · Djibouti · Dominica · Egypt · Equatorial Guinea · France (French Guiana • Guadeloupe • Martinique • St. Pierre and Miquelon) · Gabon · Ghana1 · Greece · Guinea · Guinea-Bissau · Haiti · Laos · Luxembourg · Lebanon · Macedonia2 · Madagascar · Mali · Mauritania · Mauritius · Moldova · Monaco · Morocco · Niger · Romania · Rwanda · St. Lucia · São Tomé and Príncipe · Senegal · Seychelles · Switzerland · Togo · Tunisia · Vanuatu · Vietnam Observers Austria · Croatia · Czech Republic · Georgia · Hungary · Latvia · Lithuania · Mozambique · Poland · Serbia · Slovakia · Slovenia · Thailand · Ukraine 1 Associate member. 2 Provisionally referred to by the Francophonie as the "former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia"; see Macedonia naming dispute. v • d • e North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) Canada • Mexico • United States

v • d • e Outline of knowledge General reference · Culture and the arts · Geography and places · Health and fitness · History and events · Mathematics and logic · Natural and physical sciences · People and self · Philosophy and thinking · Religion and belief systems · Society and social sciences · Technology and applied sciences

v • d • e Lists by country Articles that include one or more maps are shown in italics. Lists of topics Country articles · portals · categories · topics Culture · Demography · Economy · Geography · History · Law enforcement · Maps · Politics · Religion · Sport · Tourism · Transport Codes Airline codes · Country calling codes · FIPS country codes · Internet TLDs · IOC country codes · FIFA country codes · ISO country codes · Ship prefixes Names and symbols Adjectives · Country name etymologies · Country native names · National mottos · Coats of arms · National emblems · Flags · Anthems by country Politics and government Administrative divisions table · Election results · Incumbents · Intelligence agencies · Heads of state and government · National legislatures (By size) · Political parties (party systems) · Sovereign states · System of government · United Nations member states · Voting systems Places Cathedrals · Cemeteries · Cities · Colleges and universities · Islands · National capitals (historical) · National parks · Schools · World Heritage Sites Other data by country Abortion law · Armed forces · Battles · Cardinals · Common family names · Cuisine · Currencies · Death penalty · Education · Emergency contraception · Energy · Euthanasia law · Football (soccer) · Forex rates · Human rights · Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender rights · Music genres · Newspapers · Novelists · Official languages · People · Railway companies · School leaving age · Tram and light-rail transit systems Other lists Member states of the European Union (by accession · by political system) · Oldest person · Tallest buildings and structures