Timeline of German history
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Contents |
[edit] BC
- 500 BC, the Germanic tribes appear in northern Germany, see the Nordic Bronze Iron Age.
- 600 - 300 BC (approximately) East Germanic tribes move from Scandinavia into the area between the Oder and Vistula rivers
- 113 BC - 439 AD Germanic Wars between Germanic tribes and the Romans
- 109 BC Confederation of the Cimbri, Teutoni and Helvetii formed
- 57 BC Julius Caesar's Gallic Wars; Caesar invades region which becomes Germania Inferior
- 53 BC Eburones, Nervii, Menapii and Morinii tribes revolt but are put down by Caesar.
- 50 BC (approximately) Ingvaeones become Frisians, Saxons, Jutes and Angles by about now
- 8 BC Marcomanni and Quadi drive the Boii out of Bohemia
- 10 BC (approximately) differentiation of localized Teutonic tribes (Alamanni, Hermunduri, Marcomanni, Quadi, Suebi) in area formerly occupied by
- 8 BC Confederation of Marcomanni, Semnones, Lombards of others
[edit] 1 AD–800 AD
- 9 AD Battle of the Teutoburg Forest establishes the boundary between Romans and Germanic peoples.
- Upper Germanic Limes begun
- 16 AD Battle of the Weser River (Battle of Minden) between Romans (Germanicus) and Arminius, chief of the Cherusci
- 68 Year of the four emperors
- 69 Batavian rebellion of the Batavians led by Civilis against the Roman Empire
- 90 Germania Superior and Germania Inferior established as Imperial Roman provinces (Germania)
- 268 Battle of Lake Benacus between the Alamanni and Claudius II
- Battle of Naissus between the Goths and Gallienus
- 300 - 700 (approximately) Völkerwanderung
- 496 Battle of Tolbiac between the Franks and the Alamanni
- 532 Pope Boniface II consecrated
- 5th - 9th century High German consonant shift distinguishes High German languages from other West Germanic languages
- 715 Saint Boniface begins his work as a missionary
[edit] 800–1000
- 800 Charlemagne crowned Imperator Romanorum (Emperor of the Romans)
- 804 Saxons finally conquered by Charlemagne
- 843 Treaty of Verdun
- 870 Treaty of Mersen divides the Carolingian Empire
- 955 Otto I defeats Hungarians at Battle of Lechfeld
- 962 Otto I crowned Imperator Romanorum; Holy Roman Empire formed
- 972 Battle of Cedynia
- 996 Pope Gregory V consecrated
[edit] 1000–1500
- 11th - 13th centuries Crusades
- 1046 Pope Clement II consecrated
- 1048 Pope Damasus II consecrated
- 1049 Pope Leo IX consecrated
- 1055 Pope Victor II consecrated
- 1057 Pope Stephen IX consecrated
- 1072 Agnes of Germany born
- 1075 start of Investiture Controversy
- 1077 Walk to Canossa
- 1096 German Crusade, 1096
- 1098 Hildegard of Bingen born
- 12th - 14th centuries Minnesänger singers
- 1122 Concordat of Worms
- 1147 - sixteenth century Northern Crusades (Baltic Crusades) against people of North Eastern Europe around the Baltic Sea
- 1152 Frederick I Barbarossa crowned
- 1190 Teutonic Knights formed after Third Crusade
- 1190 or 1200 Nibelungenlied written
- 1214 Battle of Bouvines
- 1273 Rudolph I crowned
- 1291 Federal Charter of 1291
- 14th to 16th centuries Meistersinger lyric poets
- 1338 Declaration of Rhense
- 1356 Golden Bull of 1356
- Hanseatic League officially founded
- 1370 Treaty of Stralsund ends war between Hanseatic League and the Danes
- 1392 Victual Brothers hired by the Dukes of Mecklenburg to fight against Denmark
- 1410 Battle of Grunwald
- 1414 - 1418 Council of Constance
- 1455 Gutenberg Bible first printed by Johann Gutenberg
- 1471 Albrecht Dürer born
- 1495 Imperial Reform; Reichskammergericht formed
- 1499 Swabian War
- 1517 Martin Luther's 95 Theses
- 1521 Diet of Worms addresses Martin Luther and the effects on the Protestant Reformation
- 1522 Pope Adrian VI consecrated
- 1524 - 1526 Peasants' War
- 1529 Protestation at Speyer
- 1529 Siege of Vienna
- 1546 - 1547 Schmalkaldic War
- 1555 Peace of Augsburg
[edit] 1600–1800
- 1608 Protestant Union
- 1609 Catholic League
- 1618 - 1648 Thirty Years War
- 1629 Edict of Restitution
- 1631 Sack of Magdeburg
- 1632 Battle of Lützen and death of Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden
- 1642 Second Battle of Breitenfeld
- 1646 Gottfried Leibniz born
- 1648 Peace of Westphalia - Independence of Switzerland and the Netherlands from the Holy Roman Empire is recognised
- 1683 Battle of Vienna
- 1685 Johann Sebastian Bach born
- 1686 Grand Alliance formed
- 1697 August of Saxony becomes king of Poland
- 1724 Immanuel Kant born
- 1740 - 1742; 1744 - 1745; 1756 - 1763 Silesian Wars
- War of the Austrian Succession
- Seven Years' War pits Great Britain, Prussia and Hanover against France, Austria, Russia, Sweden, and Saxony
- 1749 Johann Wolfgang von Goethe born
- 1756 - 1763 Seven Years' War
- 1756 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart born
- 1759 Friedrich Schiller born
- 1770 Ludwig van Beethoven born
- 1777 Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss (Gauß) born
- 1788 Abitur examination introduced in Prussia
- 1789 - 1799 French revolution
- 1791 Declaration of Pillnitz
- 1792 Brunswick Proclamation; France declares war on Austria
- 1792 - 1802 French Revolutionary Wars
[edit] 1800s
- 1803 Napoleon imposes the Convention of Artlenburg
- All of the Imperial Free Cities but six eliminated
- All ecclesiastic land holdings in Germany abolished
- 1804 - 1815 Napoleonic Wars
- Austria joins the Third Coalition
- 1806 Collapse of Holy Roman Empire
- Confederation of the Rhine formed
- Prussia joins the Fourth Coalition
- 1807 Peace of Tilsit
- 1812 Brothers Grimm publish first collection of fairy tales
- 1812 - 1814 Sixth Coalition includes German states
- 1813 Wilhelm Richard Wagner born
- Battle of the Nations at Leipzig: Napoleon defeated
- 1815 Congress of Vienna
- German Confederation formed
- 1817 Wartburg festival
- 1818 Karl Marx born
- 1819 August von Kotzebue assassinated and Carlsbad Decrees
- 1832 Wilhelm Busch born
- 1834 Zollverein formed
- 1837 Protest of the Göttingen Seven
- 1840 First kindergarten opened by Fröbel
- 1844 Friedrich Nietzsche born
- 1848 - 1849 The Revolutions of 1848 in the German states
- 1848 Frankfurt Parliament convenes
- 1848 - 1851 First Schleswig War
- 1850 Punctation of Olmütz
- 1850 Dreiklassenwahlrecht introduced in Prussia
- 1856 Neanderthal remains found at the Neander valley
- 1858 Max Planck born
- 1863 Social Democratic Party of Germany formed
- 1864 Danish-Prussian War
- 1865 Gastein Convention
- 1866 Austro-Prussian War; Battle of Königgrätz
- 1867 North German Confederation formed after collapse of German Confederation
- 1870 Franco-Prussian War
- 1871 German Empire proclaimed from North German Confederation.
- 1873 League of the Three Emperors
- 1875 Thomas Mann born
- 1878 Congress of Berlin
- 1879 Dual Alliance
- Albert Einstein born
- 1882 Triple Alliance
- 1884 Berlin Conference
- 1886 automobiles with gasoline-powered internal combustion engines produced independently by Carl Benz and [[Gottlieb Daimler])
- 1887 Reinsurance Treaty
- 1888 Year of Three Emperors
- 1889 Hitler born
- 1890 Heligoland-Zanzibar Treaty
- 1891 Foundation of the Alldeutscher Verband
- 1892 Rudolf Diesel invents Diesel engine
- 1896 Kruger telegram
[edit] 1900s
- 1900 Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch comes into effect
- 1905 - 1906 First Moroccan Crisis
- 1905 Schlieffen Plan
- 1911 Agadir Crisis
- 1913 Saverne Affair
- 1914 Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
- 1914 - 1918 World War I
- 1918 End of Dreiklassenwahlrecht; universal suffrage introduced (women get the vote for the first time)
- 1919 Treaty of Versailles
- 1919–1933 Weimar Republic
- 1920 Kapp Putsch
- 1922 Treaty of Rapallo
- Munich Putsch
- Ruhr Crisis
- 1920s German inflation
- Gustav Stresemann becomes Chancellor and introduces Rentenmark
- 1924 Dawes Plan
- 1925 Locarno Treaties
- 1925 - Joins the League of Nations
- 1929 Young Plan
- 1929 Gustav Stresemann assassinated
- 1930 German election, 1930
- 1933 Adolf Hitler appointed Chancellor of Germany; Gleichschaltung
- 1933 - 1945 Nazi Germany (Third Reich)
- 1939 - 1945 World War II (see also Timeline of World War II)
- 1941 Konrad Zuse builds the first computer, Z3
- 1945 Potsdam Conference
- 1946 First of the The industrial plans for Germany is signed
- 1946 U.S. Restatement of Policy on Germany
- 1946 Party of Democratic Socialism formed
- 1947 U.S. occupation directive JCS 1067 is rescinded.
- 1948 Deutsche Mark introduced
- Free Democratic Party formed
- 1948 - 1949 Berlin Blockade
- 1949 German Democratic Republic and Federal Republic of Germany formed (see History of East Germany, Constitution of the German Democratic Republic and Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany)
- Christian Democratic Union of Germany founded
- Konrad Adenauer becomes first post-war Chancellor of Germany
- 1949 Last of the The industrial plans for Germany is signed.
- 1950s Wirtschaftswunder
- 1951 - West Germany becomes one of the six founding members of the European Coal and Steel Community, later known as the European Union
- 1952 Inner German border is fortified, except around Berlin
- 1953 Uprising of 1953 in East Germany
The Berlin Wall
- 1954 West Germany wins Football World Cup - The Miracle of Bern
- 1955 Federal Republic joins NATO; GDR joins Warsaw Pact
- 1961 Berlin Wall is built
- 1963 Ludwig Erhard becomes Chancellor
- 1964 National Democratic Party of Germany (NPD) formed
- 1966 Kurt Georg Kiesinger becomes Chancellor
- 1967 - 1968 German student movement
- 1969 Willy Brandt becomes Chancellor
- 1970 Voting age lowered from 21 to 18
- 1970 Treaty of Moscow
- 1970 Treaty of Warsaw
- 1970s - 1998 Red Army Faction operates
- 1971 Four Power Agreement on Berlin
- 1972 Basic Treaty between West and East Germany
- 1972 West Germany hosts the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich. Palestinian terrorists cause Munich Massacre
- 1973 East and West Germany join United Nations
- 1974 West Germany hosts and wins Football World Cup
- Helmut Schmidt becomes Chancellor
- 1982 Helmut Kohl becomes Chancellor
- 1987 First ever official visit by Erich Honecker to the Federal Republic of Germany
- 1989 Monday demonstrations in Leipzig
- Berlin Wall falls
- 1990 Treaty on the Final Settlement With Respect to Germany, West Germany wins Football World Cup
- 1991 Berlin named new capital
- 1993 Alliance '90/The Greens merge
- Germany signs Maastricht Treaty leading to the creation of the European Union
- 1994 Federal Constitutional Court says Bundeswehr can take part in UN peacekeeping outside NATO territory
- 1998 Gerhard Schröder becomes Chancellor
- 1999 The NATO war on Yugoslavia is the first non-defensive war the Bundeswehr actively takes part in
[edit] Since 2000
- 2000 Hanover hosts Expo 2000
- 2001 Women join Bundeswehr for the first time
- 2002 Euro notes and coins introduced and replace Deutsche Mark as everyday currency
- 2005 Pope Benedict XVI consecrated
- 2005 Angela Merkel elected as the chancellor, marking the first woman chancellor of the government.
- 2006 Germany hosts Fifa World Cup 2006.
[edit] See also
- List of German presidents since 1919 for a list of presidents of the German Reich, heads of state of the German Democratic Republic and presidents of the Federal Republic of Germany (1949-present)
- Chancellor of Germany for a list of chancellors since 1871.
