Sudetes
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Sudetes /suːˈdiːtiːz/ is a mountain range in Central Europe. It is also known as the Sudeten (German [zuˈdeːtən]) or Sudety (Czech [ˈsudetɪ], Polish [suˈdɛtɨ]) Mountains.
The Sudetes stretch from eastern Germany to Poland and the Czech Republic. The highest peak is Sněžka (Śnieżka) in the Krkonoše (Karkonosze) Mountains on the Czech-Polish border, which is 1,602 metres (5,260 ft) in altitude. The current geomorphological unit in the Czech part of the mountain range is Krkonošsko-jesenická subprovincie ("Krkonoše-Jeseníky").
The Krkonoše Mountains have experienced growing tourism for winter sports during the past ten years. Their skiing resorts are becoming an alternative to the Alps.
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[edit] Etymology
The name Sudetes has been derived from Sudeti montes, a Latinization of the name Soudeta ore used in the Geographia of Ptolemy (Book 2, Chapter 10) ca. 150 for the present-day northern Czech mountains. Ptolemy said that they were above the Gabreta Forest, which places them in the Sudetenland. Ptolemy wrote in Greek, in which the name is a neuter plural. Latin mons, however, is a masculine, hence Sudeti. The Latin version is likely to be a scholastic innovation, as it is not attested in classical Latin literature.
The meaning of the name is not known. In one hypothetical derivation, it means Mountains of Wild Boars, relying on Indo-European *su-, "pig". A better etymology perhaps is from Latin sudis, plural sudes, "spines", which can be used of spiny fish or spiny terrain.
[edit] History
The exact location of the Sudetes is not very clear, as it has varied over the centuries. The ancient "Sudetenland" meant at least the northwest frontier of today's Czech Republic, probably extending to the north. By implication, it was part of the Hercynian Forest mentioned by many ancient authors of Antiquity.
[edit] Role of Sudetes in World War II
The name was used before World War II in (Nazi) German parlance to describe areas of Czechoslovakia with large German populations. A considerable proportion of Czechoslovak/Czech and Polish populace strongly resist to use this term as it harks painfully to the Nazi German times. After being annexed by Nazi Germany, much of the region was redesignated as the province of Sudetenland - Sudetengau. The ethnic Germans living there were called Sudeten Germans. They were heavily clustered, especially along Bohemia's borders to German Silesia and Saxony. These were the descendants of Medieval German colonists invited by the Kings of Bohemia into these previously Slavic areas[citation needed] for agricultural and urban development (see Ostsiedlung). Adolf Hitler redefined the term to mean the entire mountainous periphery of Czechoslovakia, and under that pretext, got his future enemies to concede the Czech defensive border in the Munich Agreement, leaving the remainder of Czechoslovakia shorn of its border fortifications and buffer zone. Germany occupied the rest of Bohemia and Moravia in March, 1939.
[edit] Post-war
After World War II, most of the German population of Czechoslovakia was expelled. Neither Czechoslovakia/Czechia, nor Poland observe this designation officially, in maps etc., using only discrete local names in Czech and Polish for individual mountain ranges (e.g., Karkonosze/Krkonoše, see Subdivisions below).
Occupation of Sudetes by Germany in 1938–1939 is discussed again in 2008 in connection with the South-Ossetian war [1][2][3][4][5] and Kosovo [6][7].
[edit] Subdivisions
The Sudetes are usually divided into:
[edit] Notable towns
Notable towns in this area include:
- Zittau (Germany)
- Karpacz (Poland)
- Szklarska Poręba (Poland)
- Špindlerův Mlýn (Czech Republic)
- Vrchlabí (Czech Republic)
- Harrachov (Czech Republic)
[edit] References
- ^ Dick Morris, Eileen McGann. HITLER INVADED SUDETENLAND; NOW PUTIN INVADES SOUTH OSSETIA. Baltimore reporter, September 20th 2008 , Vol 1. No. 25. http://www.baltimorereporter.com/?p=5636
- ^ Kate Connolly. Obama adviser compares Putin to Hitler. Guardian, Tuesday August 12 2008; http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/aug/12/georgia
- ^ BBC Monitoring: Lithuania's main daily urges policymakers to boost country's national security. Lituanica, September 1, 2008 http://irzikevicius.wordpress.com/
- ^ Melik Kaylan. Destroying Democracy. Forbes, September 4, 2008. http://virtualcollector.blogspot.com/2008/09/destroying-democracy.html
- ^ Михаил Берг. Осетинские Судеты. Грани, 14.08.2008, http://grani.ru/Politics/Russia/m.140057.html
- ^ Luis Sanzo. Quebec/Kosovo. Britakula Almendron, 30 de Junio de 2006 , http://www.almendron.com/tribuna/9786/quebeckosovo/
- ^ Von Jürgen Elsässer. Verhandlungen nach Rambouillet-Muster. Verhandlungen über den Status der serbischen Provinz Kosovo stehen bevor, http://www.uni-kassel.de/fb5/frieden/regionen/Serbien-Montenegro/status4.html
[edit] External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Sudetes |
- Orographic map with Sudetes highlighted (French)
- Sudetes
- Orographic map with Sudetes highlighted (English)
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