Pedro de Toledo, 1st Marquis of Mancera
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15th Viceroy of Peru
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| In office December 18, 1639 – September 20, 1648 |
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| Monarch | Philip IV |
| Prime Minister | Count-Duke of Olivares |
| Preceded by | The Count of Chinchón |
| Succeeded by | The Count of Salvatierra |
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| Born | c.1585 Madrid, Spain |
| Died | March 9, 1654 (aged 69) Madrid, Spain |
| Spouse | Luisa Feijóo de Novoa María Luisa de Salazar |
| Children | Antonio Sebastián de Toledo |
| Profession | Lieutenant General |
| Religion | Catholic |
| Signature |  |
Pedro de Toledo y Leiva, 1st Marquis of Mancera, (in full, Spanish: Don Pedro de Toledo y Leiva, primer Marqués de Mancera, comendador de Esparragosa) (born c. 1585 -1654), was a Spanish nobleman general, colonial administrator, and diplomat who served as Viceroy of Galicia and New Spain from December 18, 1639 to September 20, 1648.
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[edit] Early life
He served in the armies in Italy, rising to the rank of lieutenant general in the royal galleys of Sicily. Thereafter he served eight years as governor and captain general of Galicia. In 1621 he married María Luisa Salazar y Enríquez de Navarra, tercera Señora de El Mármol.
[edit] As Viceroy of Peru
He was named viceroy of Peru in 1639, at the age of 54. He traveled to Peru with his son, Antonio Sebastián de Toledo, second Marquess of Mancera (ca. 1621-1715). The son was later viceroy of New Spain (1664-73).
As viceroy, the first marquess introduced the papel sellado (literally, sealed paper).[1] He expanded the naval forces and fortified the ports of Valdivia, Valparaíso, Arica and Callao. In Callao he ordered the construction of a 4-km-long wall, which was completed in 1647. Mancera island at the mouth of the Valdivia River is named after him.
He organized literary discussion parties, tertulias a formalized kind of official salon. In these was introduced the mancerina, a ceramic or silver saucer with a framework for holding a jícara, or chocolate cup.[2] The manufacture of mancerinas later became an industry in the Spanish towns of Manises and Talavera.
Are the end of his term as viceroy, Álvarez de Toledo returned to Spain. He died in Madrid in 1654.
[edit] Additional information
[edit] Notes
- ^ For the purpose of increasing royal revenues in the first part of the seventeenth century, a series of measures were adopted. One of the measures was the introduction of papel sellado, by a royal decree of 1638. This required the use of seals on official documents in the Indies, such as contracts, judicial decrees, deeds, etc. A tax was charged for the seals.
- ^ See zarf.
[edit] External links
- (Spanish) Short biography from Encarta
- (Spanish) Some information about his marriage
- (Spanish) Papel sellado
- Information on mancerinas, with photos
| Government offices | ||
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| Preceded by The Count of Chinchón |
Viceroy of Peru 1639-1648 |
Succeeded by The Count of Salvatierra |
| Spanish nobility | ||
| New title | Marquis of Mancera 1623-1654 |
Succeeded by Antonio Sebastián de Toledo |
