Middle Persian literature
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Zoroastrianism / Mazdaism |
| Angels and demons |
| Scripture and worship |
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Avesta |
| Accounts and legends |
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Dēnkard · Bundahišn |
| History and culture |
| Adherents |
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Zoroastrians in Iran |
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Middle Persian literature is Persian literature of the 1st millennium AD, especially of the Sassanid period.
Contents |
[edit] Literature of Pahlavi
Pahlavi Literature can be divided in three parts:
- the Pahlavi version of the Avesta, generally known as the 'Zend-Avesta'.
- Pahlavi texts on religious subjects.
- Pahlavi texts on non-religious subjects.
[edit] Pahlavi translations of Avesta texts
This includes several major Pahlavi texts which are translations of Avesta texts. It includes also some Afringan, Yasht and Niyayishn.
Some major Pahlavi books of this kind are:
- Vendidad
- Afringan-i Gahanbar
- Yasna
- Haptan Yasht
- Nirangistan
- Srosh Yasht Hadokht
- Vishtasp Yasht
- Sirozak I, II
- Visperad
- Frahang-i Oim-evak
- Khurshet Nyayish
- Ahuramazd Yasht
- Aban Nyayish
- Bahram Yasht
- Afringan-i Dahman
- Hadokht Nask
- Afringan- Gatha
- Aogemadaecha
- Khurshet Yasht
- Chitak avistak-i gasan
- Mah Yasht
- Ataxsh Nyayish
- Vichirkart-i Denig
- Afaringan Fravartigan
- Mah Nyayish
[edit] Pahlavi texts on religious subjects
It includes several major Pahlavi texts about different Zoroastrian religious subjects such as cosmogony, cosmology, eschatology, creation of the world, ceremonies, rituals, Andarz, Pandnamak, Patit etc.
Major 9th-century texts include the encyclopedic Denkard; Manushchihr's Dadestain-i Denig ("Religious Decisions") and Epistles; the treatises of Manushchihr's heretical brother, Zat-Sparam; and Bundahishn ("Original Creation")[1].
Some other Pahlavi books of this kind are:
- Rivayat accompanying
- Shikand-gumanic Vichar
- Shayast ne-shayast
- Bundheshn the creation
- Dana-i Menog Khrat
- Mah farvardin Ruz khordad a notable evidents in a date
- Arda-Viraf Namag
- Jamasp Namag
- Zand-i Wahman yasn
- Matigan-i Yosht-i Fryano
- Andarz Ushnerdanak
- Andarz-i Bozorgmehr Bukhtegan the advices by Burzoe.
- Matigan-i gujastak Abalish
[edit] Pahlavi texts on non-religious subjects
This includes several major Pahlavi texts which fall into the categories of Pahlavi glossaries, stories, poems, Geographies, etc.
Some major Pahlavi books of this kind are:
- Matigan-i Hazar Datistan (Judicial code)
- Cities in the land of Iran
- Karnamak-i Artaxshir-i Papakan
- Vizarishn- i Chatrang ud nahishn-i new Ardashir (invent of chess)
- Yatkar-i Zariran
- Drakht-i Asurig
- Khusro-i Kavatan and his Page
- Frahang-i Pahlavig
- Wonders of the land of Sagastan
- Forms of Epistles
- Namak-i Tenser the letter by Tenser
- Shah zanan the king of women
We have to add several other Pahlavi books which are now lost, and of which we are only aware through references in other Arabic and Persian texts, such as Ayyatkar-i Anushirvan the Arabic translation of which can be found in 'Tajarob-al Omam' of 'Ibn-i Muskuye', or 'Khvatay Namak' that is completely lost.
[edit] See also
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[edit] External links
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