List of state leaders in 1996
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
1995 state leaders - Events of 1996 - 1997 state leaders - State leaders by year
Contents |
[edit] Africa
- Algeria -
- President - Liamine Zéroual, President of Algeria (1994-1999)
- Prime Minister - Ahmed Ouyahia, Prime Minister of Algeria (1995-1998)
- Angola -
- President - José Eduardo dos Santos, President of Angola (1979-present)
- Prime Minister -
- Benin -
- President -
- Prime Minister - Adrien Houngbédji, Prime Minister of Benin (1996-1998)
- Botswana -
- President - Sir Quett Masire, President of Botswana (1980-1998)
- Burkina Faso -
- President - Blaise Compaoré, President of Burkina Faso (1987-present)
- Prime Minister -
- Burundi -
- President -
- Prime Minister -
- Cameroon -
- President - Paul Biya, President of Cameroon (1982-present)
- Prime Minister -
- Cape Verde -
- President - António Mascarenhas Monteiro, President of Cape Verde (1991-2001)
- Prime Minister - Carlos Veiga, Prime Minister of Cape Verde (1991-2000)
- Central African Republic -
- Chad -
- President - Idriss Déby, President of Chad (1990-present)
- Prime Minister - Koibla Djimasta, Prime Minister of Chad (1995-1997)
- Comoros -
- President -
- Prime Minister -
- Congo -
- President - Pascal Lissouba, President of Congo (1992-1997)
- Prime Minister -
- Côte d'Ivoire -
- President - Henri Konan Bédié, President of Côte d'Ivoire (1993-1999)
- Prime Minister - Daniel Kablan Duncan, Prime Minister of Côte d'Ivoire (1993-1999)
- Djibouti -
- President - Hassan Gouled Aptidon, President of Djibouti (1977-1999)
- Prime Minister - Barkat Gourad Hamadou, Prime Minister of Djibouti (1978-2001)
- Equatorial Guinea -
- President - Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, President of Equatorial Guinea (1979-present)
- Prime Minister -
- Eritrea -
- President - Isaias Afewerki, President of Eritrea (1991–present)[1]
- Ethiopia -
- President - Negasso Gidada, President of Ethiopia (1995-2001)
- Prime Minister - Meles Zenawi, Prime Minister of Ethiopia (1995-present)
- Gabon -
- President - Omar Bongo, President of Gabon (1967-2009)
- Prime Minister - Paulin Obame-Nguema, Prime Minister of Gabon (1994-1999)
- The Gambia -
- President - Yahya Jammeh, President of The Gambia (1994-present)
- Ghana
- President - Jerry Rawlings, President of Ghana (1981–2001)
- Guinea -
- President - Lansana Conté, President of Guinea (1984-2008)
- Prime Minister - Sidya Touré, Prime Minister of Guinea (1996-1999)
- Guinea-Bissau -
- President - João Bernardo Vieira, President of Guinea-Bissau (1984-1999)
- Prime Minister - Manuel Saturnino da Costa, Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau (1994-1997)
- Kenya -
- President - Daniel arap Moi, President of Kenya (1978-2002)
- Lesotho -
- Monarch -
- Moshoeshoe II, King of Lesotho (1995-1996)
- Queen 'Mamohato, Regent of Lesotho (1996)
- Letsie III, King of Lesotho (1996-present)
- Prime Minister - Ntsu Mokhehle, Prime Minister of Lesotho (1994-1998)
- Monarch -
- Liberia -
- Libya -
- De facto Head of State - Muammar al-Gaddafi, Guide of the Revolution of Libya (1969–present)
- Nominal Head of State - Zentani Muhammad az-Zentani, General Secretary of the General People's Congress of Libya (1992–2008)
- Head of Government - Abdul Majid al-Qa′ud, General Secretary of the General People's Committee of Libya (1994-1997)
- Madagascar -
- President -
- Prime Minister -
- Malawi -
- President - Bakili Muluzi, President of Malawi (1994-2004)
- Mali -
- President - Alpha Oumar Konaré, President of Mali (1992-2002)
- Prime Minister - Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta, Prime Minister of Mali (1994-2000)
- Mauritania -
- President - Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya, President of Mauritania (1984-2005)
- Prime Minister -
- Mauritius -
- President - Cassam Uteem, President of Mauritius (1992-2002)
- Prime Minister - Navin Ramgoolam, Prime Minister of Mauritius (1995-2000)
- Mayotte (Territorial collectivity of France)
- Prefect -
- President of the General Council - Younoussa Bamana, President of the General Council of Mayotte (1991-2004)
- Morocco -
- Monarch - Hassan II, King of Morocco (1961–1999)
- Prime Minister - Abdellatif Filali, Prime Minister of Morocco (1994–1998)
- Western Sahara (Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic) (self-declared, partially recognized state)
- President - Mohamed Abdelaziz, President of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (1976–present)
- Prime Minister - Mahfoud Ali Beiba, Prime Minister of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (1995–1999)
- Mozambique -
- President - Joaquim Chissano, President of Mozambique (1986–2005)
- Prime Minister - Pascoal Mocumbi, Prime Minister of Mozambique (1994–2004)
- Namibia -
- President - Sam Nujoma, President of Namibia (1990-2005)
- Prime Minister - Hage Geingob, Prime Minister of Namibia (1990-2002)
- Niger -
- President -
- Prime Minister -
- Nigeria -
- President - Sani Abacha, Chairmen of the Provisional Ruling Council of Nigeria (1993-1998)
- Rwanda -
- President - Pasteur Bizimungu, President of Rwanda (1994-2000)
- Prime Minister - Pierre-Célestin Rwigema, Prime Minister of Rwanda (1995-2000)
- Saint Helena (British overseas territory)
- Governor - David Smallman, Governor of Saint Helena (1995-1999)
- São Tomé and Príncipe -
- President - Miguel Trovoada, President of São Tomé and Príncipe (1995-2001)
- Prime Minister -
- Principe (self-governing province)
- Senegal -
- President - Abdou Diouf, President of Senegal (1981-2000)
- Prime Minister - Habib Thiam, Prime Minister of Senegal (1991-1998)
- Seychelles -
- President - France-Albert René, President of Seychelles (1977-2004)
- Sierra Leone -
- Somalia -
- President -
- Prime Minister - Umar Arteh Ghalib - Prime Minister of Somalia (1991-1997)
- Somaliland (unrecognized secessionist state)
- President - Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal, President of Somaliland (1993–2002)
- South Africa -
- President - Nelson Mandela, President of South Africa (1994-1999)
- Sudan -
- President - Omar al-Bashir, President of Sudan (1989–present)
- Swaziland -
- Monarch - Mswati III, King of Swaziland (1986-present)
- Prime Minister -
- Tanzania -
- President - Benjamin Mkapa, President of Tanzania (1995-2005)
- Prime Minister - Frederick Sumaye, Prime Minister of Tanzania (1995-2005)
- Zanzibar (semi-autonomous region)
- President - Salmin Amour, President of Zanzibar (1990-2000)
- Chief Minister - Mohamed Gharib Bilali, Chief Minister of Zanzibar (1995-2000)
- Togo -
- President - Gnassingbé Eyadéma, President of Togo (1967-2005)
- Prime Minister -
- Tunisia -
- President - Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, President of Tunisia (1987–present)
- Prime Minister - Hamed Karoui, Prime Minister of Tunisia (1989–1999)
- Uganda -
- President - Yoweri Museveni, President of Uganda (1986-present)
- Prime Minister - Kintu Musoke, Prime Minister of Uganda (1994-1999)
- Zaire -
- President - Mobutu Sese Seko, President of Zaire (1965-1997)
- Prime Minister - Kengo Wa Dondo, First State Commissioner of Zaire (1994-1997)
- Zambia -
- President - Frederick Chiluba, President of Zambia (1991-2002)
- Zimbabwe -
- President - Robert Mugabe, President of Zimbabwe (1987-present)
[edit] Asia
- Afghanistan -
- Islamic State of Afghanistan superseded the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan in 1996
- President - Burhanuddin Rabbani, President of Afghanistan (1992-2001)
- Prime Minister -
- (Taliban) -
- De Facto Head of State - Mohammed Omar, Commander of the Faithful (1996-2001)
- De Facto Prime Minister - Mohammad Rabbani, Head of the Supreme Council (1996-2001)
- Bangladesh -
- President -
- Prime Minister -
- Bhutan -
- Monarch - Jigme Singye Wangchuck, King of Bhutan (1972-2006)
- Brunei
- Monarch - Hassanal Bolkiah, Sultan of Brunei (1967–present)[2]
- Prime Minister - Hassanal Bolkiah, Prime Minister of Brunei (1984–present)
- Cambodia -
- Monarch - Norodom Sihanouk, King of Cambodia (1993-2004)
- Prime Ministers -
- China (People's Republic of China) -
- Communist Party Leader- Jiang Zemin, General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (1989-2002)
- President - Jiang Zemin, President of the People's Republic of China (1993-2003)
- Premier - Li Peng, Premier of the People's Republic of China (1987-1998)
- Hong Kong (British dependent territory)
- Governor - Chris Patten, Governor of Hong Kong (1992–1997)
- India -
- President - Shankar Dayal Sharma, President of India (1992-1997)
- Prime Minister -
- Indonesia -
- President - Suharto, President of Indonesia (1967–1998)
- Japan -
- Monarch - Akihito, Emperor of Japan (1989-present)
- Prime Minister -
- Kazakhstan -
- President - Nursultan Nazarbayev, President of Kazakhstan (1990–present)[3]
- Prime Minister - Akezhan Kazhegeldin, Prime Minister of Kazakhstan (1994–1997)
- North Korea -
- Communist Party Leader - vacant, General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea (1994-1997)
- President - vacant, President of North Korea (1994-1998)
- De facto Head of State - Kim Jong-il, Chairman of the National Defence Commission (1993–present)[4]
- Premier - Kang Song San, Premier of North Korea (1992-1997)
- South Korea -
- President - Kim Young-sam, President of South Korea (1993-1998)
- Prime Minister - Lee Soo Sung, Prime Minister of South Korea (1995-1997)
- Kyrgyzstan -
- President - Askar Akayev, President of Kyrgyzstan (1990–2005)[5]
- Prime Minister - Apas Jumagulov, Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (1993–1998)
- Laos -
- Communist Party Leader - Khamtai Siphandon, General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (1992-2006)
- President - Nouhak Phoumsavanh, President of Laos (1992-1998)
- Premier - Khamtai Siphandon, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Laos (1991-1998)
- Macau (overseas province of Portugal)
- Governor - Vasco Joaquim Rocha Vieira, Governor of Macau (1991-1999)
- Malaysia -
- Monarch - Tuanku Jaafar, Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia (1994-1999)
- Prime Minister - Mahathir bin Mohamad, Prime Minister of Malaysia (1981-2003)
- Maldives -
- President - Maumoon Abdul Gayoom, President of the Maldives (1978–2008)
- Mongolia -
- President - Punsalmaagiin Ochirbat, President of Mongolia (1990-1997)
- Prime Minister -
- Myanmar -
- Head of State - Than Shwe, Chairman of the State Peace and Development Council (1992–present)
- Prime Minister - Than Shwe, Prime Minister of Myanmar (1992-2003)
- Nepal -
- Monarch - Birendra, King of Nepal (1972-2001)
- Prime Minister - Sher Bahadur Deuba, Prime Minister of Nepal (1995-1997)
- Pakistan -
- President - Farooq Leghari, President of Pakistan (1993-1997)
- Prime Minister -
- Philippines -
- Singapore -
- President - Ong Teng Cheong, President of Singapore (1993-1999)
- Prime Minister - Goh Chok Tong, Prime Minister of Singapore (1990-2004)
- Sri Lanka -
- President - Chandrika Kumaratunga, President of Sri Lanka (1994-2005)
- Prime Minister - Sirimavo Bandaranaike, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (1994-2000)
- Taiwan (Republic of China) -
- President - Lee Teng-hui, President of the Republic of China (1988-2000)
- Premier - Lien Chan, President of the Executive Yuan of the Republic of China (1993-1997)
- Tajikistan -
- President - Emomali Rahmonov, President of Tajikistan (1992–present)
- Prime Minister -
- Gorno-Badakhshan (autonomous province)
- Chairman of the Administration - Alimamad Niyozmamadov, Chairman of the Executive Committee (1994-2006)
- Thailand -
- Monarch - Bhumibol Adulyadej, King of Thailand (1946–present)
- Prime Minister -
- Turkmenistan -
- President - Saparmurat Niyazov, President of Turkmenistan (1990–2006)[6]
- Uzbekistan -
- President - Islom Karimov, President of Uzbekistan (1990–present)[7]
- Prime Minister - O‘tkir Sultonov, Prime Minister of Uzbekistan (1995–2003)
- Karakalpakstan (autonomous republic)
- President - Ubbiniyaz Ashirbekov, President of Karakalpakstan (1992-1997)
- Prime Minister - Saparbay Avezmatov, Prime Minister of Karakalpakstan (1995-1998)
- Vietnam -
- Communist Party Leader - Đỗ Mười, General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam (1991-1997)
- President - Lê Đức Anh, President of Vietnam (1992-1997)
- Prime Minister - Võ Văn Kiệt, Prime Minister of Vietnam (1991-1997)
[edit] Australia and Oceania
- American Samoa (unorganized, unincorporated territory of the United States)
- Governor - A. P. Lutali, Governor of American Samoa (1993-1997)
- Australia -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia (1952-present)
- Governor-General -
- Prime Minister -
- Norfolk Island (self-governing territory of Australia)
- Administrator - Alan Gardner Kerr, Administrator of Norfolk Island (1992-1997)
- Chief Minister - Michael William King, Head of Government of Norfolk Island (1994-1997)
- Fiji -
- President - Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara, President of Fiji (1993-2000)
- Prime Minister - Sitiveni Rabuka, Prime Minister of Fiji (1992-1999)
- French Polynesia (French overseas territory)
- High Commissioner - Paul Roncière, High Commissioner of the Republic in French Polynesia (1994-1997)
- President of the Government - Gaston Flosse, President of the Government of French Polynesia (1991–2004)
- Guam (Insular area of the United States)
- Governor - Carl T.C. Gutierrez, Governor of Guam (1995-2003)
- Kiribati -
- President - Teburoro Tito, President of Kiribati (1994–2003)
- Marshall Islands -
- Federated States of Micronesia -
- President - Bailey Olter, President of the Federated States of Micronesia (1991–1997)
- Nauru -
- President -
- New Caledonia (French overseas territory)
- High Commissioner - Dominique Bur, High Commissioner of New Caledonia (1995-1999)
- New Zealand -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of New Zealand (1952-present)
- Governor-General -
- Prime Minister - Jim Bolger, Prime Minister of New Zealand, (1990-1997)
- Cook Islands (Associated state of New Zealand)
- High Commissioner - Darryl Dunn, High Commissioner of the Cook Islands (1994-1997)
- Queen's Representative - Sir Apenera Short, Queen's Representative of the Cook Islands (1990-2000)
- Prime Minister - Geoffrey Henry, Prime Minister of the Cook Islands (1989-1999)
- Niue (associated state of New Zealand)
- High Commissioner - Warren Searell, High Commissioner of Niue (1994-1997)
- Prime Minister - Frank Lui, Premier of Niue (1993-1999)
- Tokelau (territory of New Zealand)
- Administrator - Lindsay Watt, Administrator of Tokelau (1993–2003)
- Head of Government -
- Northern Mariana Islands (Commonwealth of the U.S.)
- Governor - Froilan C. Tenorio, Governor of the Northern Mariana Islands (1994–1998)
- Palau -
- President - Kuniwo Nakamura, President of Palau (1993-2001)[9]
- Papua New Guinea
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Papua New Guinea (1975–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Wiwa Korowi, Governor-General of Papua New Guinea (1991-1997)
- Prime Minister - Sir Julius Chan, Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea (1994-1997)
- Pitcairn Islands (British dependent territory)
- Governor - Robert Alston, Governor of the Pitcairn Islands (1994-1998)
- Mayor - Jay Warren, Magistrate of the Pitcairn Islands (1991-1999)
- Solomon Islands -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of the Solomon Islands (1978–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Moses Pitakaka, Governor-General of the Solomon Islands (1994–1999)
- Prime Minister - Solomon Mamaloni, Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands (1994–1997)
- Tonga -
- Monarch - Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, King of Tonga (1965–2006)[10]
- Prime Minister - Baron Vaea of Houma, Prime Minister of Tonga (1991–2000)
- Tuvalu -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Tuvalu (1978-present)
- Governor-General - Sir Tulaga Manuella, Governor General of Tuvalu (1994-1998)
- Prime Minister -
- Vanuatu -
- President - Jean Marie Leye, President of Vanuatu (1994–1999)
- Prime Minister -
- Wallis and Futuna (French overseas territory)
- Administrator-Superior -
- President of the Territorial Assembly -
- Western Samoa
- Head of State - Malietoa Tanumafili II, O le Ao o le Malo of Western Samoa (1962–2007)
- Prime Minister - Tofilau Eti Alesana, Prime Minister of Western Samoa (1988-1998)
[edit] Europe
- Albania -
- President - Sali Berisha, President of Albania (1992-1997)
- Prime Minister - Aleksander Meksi, Prime Minister of Albania (1992-1997)
- Andorra -
- Co-Princes -
- French Co-Prince - Jacques Chirac, French Co-Prince of Andorra (1995-2007)
- Personal representative - Jean-Yves Caullet (1993-1997)
- Episcopal Co-Prince - Joan Martí Alanis, Episcopal Co-Prince of Andorra (1971-2003)
- Personal representative - Nemesi Marquès Oste (1993-present)
- French Co-Prince - Jacques Chirac, French Co-Prince of Andorra (1995-2007)
- Head of the Government - Marc Forné Molné, Head of Government of Andorra (1994-2005)
- General Syndic - Josep Dallerès Codina, General Syndic of Andorra (1994–1997)
- Co-Princes -
- Armenia -
- President - Levon Ter-Petrossian, President of Armenia (1990–1998)[11]
- Prime Minister -
- Austria -
- President - Thomas Klestil, President of Austria (1992–2004)
- Chancellor - Franz Vranitzky, Chancellor of Austria (1986–1997)
- Azerbaijan -
- President - Heydar Aliyev, President of Azerbaijan (1993-2003)
- Prime Minister -
- Nakhichevan (autonomous republic)
- Chairman of the Parliament - Vasif Talybov, Chairman of the Parliament of Nakhichevan (1993–present)
- Chairman of the Council of Ministers - Shamsaddin Khanbabayev, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Nakhichevan (1993-2000)
- Nagorno-Karabakh (unrecognized, secessionist state)
- President - Robert Kocharyan, President of Nagorno-Karabakh (1994-1997)
- Prime Minister - Leonard Petrosyan, Prime Minister of Nagorno-Karabakh (1994-1998)
- Belarus -
- President - Alexander Lukashenko, President of Belarus (1994–present)
- Prime Minister - Mikhail Chigir, Prime Minister of Belarus (1994-1997)
- Belgium -
- Monarch - Albert II, King of the Belgians (1993-present)
- Prime Minister - Jean-Luc Dehaene, Prime Minister of Belgium (1992-1999)
- Bosnia and Herzegovina -
- President - Alija Izetbegović, Chairman of the State Presidency (1990-1996)[12]
- Presidency -
- Bosniak member - Alija Izetbegović (1996-2000), Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1996-1998)
- Serb member - Momčilo Krajišnik (1996-1998)
- Croat member - Krešimir Zubak (1996-1998)
- Prime Minister -
- High Representative - Carl Bildt, High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina (1995-1997)
- Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (constituent entity)
- President - Krešimir Zubak, President of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1994-1997)
- Prime Minister -
- Republika Srpska (constituent entity)
- Bulgaria -
- President - Zhelyu Zhelev, President of Bulgaria (1990-1997)
- Prime Minister - Zhan Videnov, Prime Minister of Bulgaria (1995-1997)
- Croatia -
- President - Franjo Tuđman, President of Croatia (1990-1999)[13]
- Prime Minister - Zlatko Mateša, President of the Government of Croatia (1995-2000)
- Cyprus -
- President - Glafkos Klerides, President of Cyprus (1993-2003)
- Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (unrecognized, secessionist state)
- Czech Republic -
- President - Václav Havel, President of the Czech Republic (1993–2003)
- Prime Minister - Václav Klaus, Prime Minister of the Czech Republic (1992–1997)[14]
- Denmark -
- Monarch - Margrethe II, Queen of Denmark (1972-present)
- Prime Minister - Poul Nyrup Rasmussen, Prime Minister of Denmark (1993-2001)
- Faroe Islands (autonomous region of the Kingdom of Denmark)
- High Commissioner - Vibeke Larsen (1995-2001)
- Prime Minister - Edmund Joensen, Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands (1994-1998)
- Greenland (autonomous region of the Kingdom of Denmark)
- High Commissioner - Gunnar Martens (1995-2002)
- Prime Minister - Lars Emil Johansen, Prime Minister of Greenland (1991-1997)
- Estonia -
- President - Lennart Meri, President of Estonia (1992-2001)
- Prime Minister - Tiit Vähi, Prime Minister of Estonia (1995-1997)
- Finland -
- President - Martti Ahtisaari, President of Finland, (1994-2000)
- Prime Minister - Paavo Lipponen, Prime Minister of Finland, (1995-2003)
- Åland (autonomous province)
- Governor - Henrik Gustavsson, Governor of Åland (1982-1999)
- Premier - Roger Jansson, Premier of Åland (1995-1999)
- France -
- President - Jacques Chirac, President of France (1995-2007)
- Prime Minister - Alain Juppé, Prime Minister of France (1995-1997)
- Georgia -
- President - Eduard Shevardnadze, President of Georgia (1992–2003)
- Prime Minister - Niko Lekishvili, Minister of State of Georgia (1995–1998)
- Adjara (autonomous republic)
- Chairman of the Supreme Council - Aslan Abashidze, Chairman of the Supreme Council of the Autonomous Republic of Ajaria (1991-2004)
- Abkhazia (unrecognized secessionist state)
- President - Vladislav Ardzinba, President of Abkhazia (1990–2005)[15]
- Prime Minister - Gennady Gagulia, Prime Minister of Abkhazia (1995–1997)
- South Ossetia (unrecognized secessionist state)
- President - Lyudvig Chibirov, President of South Ossetia (1993-2001)
- Prime Minister -
- Germany -
- President - Roman Herzog, President of Germany (1994-1999)
- Chancellor - Helmut Kohl, Chancellor of Germany (1982-1998)
- Greece -
- President- Costis Stephanopoulos, President of Greece (1995-2005)
- Prime Minister -
- Mount Athos (autonomous monastic state)
- Spiritual Leader - Bartholomew I, Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople (1991–present)
- Hungary -
- President - Árpád Göncz, President of Hungary (1990-2000)
- Prime Minister - Gyula Horn, Prime Minister of Hungary (1994-1998)
- Iceland -
- President -
- Prime Minister - Davíð Oddsson, Prime Minister of Iceland (1991-2004)
- Ireland -
- President - Mary Robinson, President of Ireland (1990-1997)
- Prime Minister - John Bruton, Taoiseach of Ireland (1994-1997)
- Italy -
- President - Oscar Luigi Scalfaro, President of Italy (1992-1999)
- Prime Minister -
- Latvia -
- President - Guntis Ulmanis, President of Latvia (1993-1999)
- Prime Minister - Andris Šķēle, Prime Minister of Latvia (1995-1997)
- Liechtenstein -
- Monarch - Hans-Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein (1989-present)
- Head of Government - Mario Frick, Head of Government of Liechtenstein (1993-2001)
- Lithuania -
- President - Algirdas Brazauskas, President of Lithuania (1992-1998)
- Prime Minister -
- Luxembourg -
- Monarch - Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (1964-2000)
- Prime Minister - Jean-Claude Juncker, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (1995-present)
- Macedonia -
- President - Kiro Gligorov, President of Macedonia (1995-1999)
- Prime Minister - Branko Crvenkovski, Prime Minister of Macedonia (1992–1998)
- Malta -
- President - Ugo Mifsud Bonnici, President of Malta (1994-1999)
- Prime Minister -
- Moldova -
- President - Mircea Snegur, President of Moldova (1989-1997)[16]
- Prime Minister - Andrei Sangheli, Prime Minister of Moldova (1992–1997)
- Gagauzia (unrecognized secessionist state until 19 June 1995, afterwards autonomous region)
- Governor - Gheorghe Tabunscic, Governor of Gagauzia Autonomous Region (1995-1999)
- Transnistria (unrecognized secessionist state)
- President - Igor Smirnov, President of Transnistria (1990–present)
- Monaco -
- Monarch - Rainier III, Prince of Monaco (1949-2005)
- Head of Government - Paul Dijoud, Minister of State of Monaco (1994-1997)
- The Netherlands -
- Monarch - Beatrix, Queen of the Netherlands (1980-present)
- Prime Minister - Wim Kok, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1994-2002)
- Norway -
- Monarch - Harald V, King of Norway (1991-present)
- Prime Minister -
- Poland -
- President - Aleksander Kwaśniewski, President of Poland (1995-2005)
- Prime Minister -
- Portugal -
- President -
- Prime Minister - António Guterres, Prime Minister of Portugal (1995-2002)
- Azores (autonomous region)
- President of the Government -
- Madeira (autonomous region)
- President of the Government - Alberto João Jardim, President of the Regional Government of Madeira (1978–present)
- Romania -
- President -
- Prime Minister -
- Russia -
- President - Boris Yeltsin, President of Russia (1990-1999)[17]
- Prime Minister - Viktor Chernomyrdin, Chairman of the Government of Russia (1992-1998)
- San Marino -
- Captains-Regent -
- Pier Natalino Mularoni and Marino Venturini, Captains Regent of San Marino (October 1995 - April 1996)
- Pier Paolo Gasperoni and Pietro Bugli, Captains Regent of San Marino (April - October 1996)
- Maurizio Rattini and Giancarlo Venturini, Captains Regent of San Marino (October 1996 - April 1997)
- Slovakia -
- President - Michal Kováč, President of Slovakia (1993-1998)
- Prime Minister - Vladimír Mečiar, Prime Minister of Slovakia (1994-1998)
- Slovenia -
- President - Milan Kučan, President of Slovenia (1990-2002)[18]
- Prime Minister - Janez Drnovšek, Prime Minister of Slovenia (1992-2000)
- Spain -
- Monarch - Juan Carlos I, King of Spain (1975–present)
- Prime Minister -
- Sweden -
- Monarch - Carl XVI Gustaf, King of Sweden (1973-present)
- Prime Minister -
- Switzerland -
- Swiss Federal Council:
- Jean-Pascal Delamuraz (1983-1998, President), Arnold Koller (1986-1999), Flavio Cotti (1986-1999), Adolf Ogi (1987-2000), Kaspar Villiger (1989-2003), Ruth Dreifuss (1993-2002), Moritz Leuenberger (1995-present)
- Swiss Federal Council:
- Turkey -
- President - Süleyman Demirel, President of Turkey (1993-2000)
- Prime Minister -
- Ukraine -
- President - Leonid Kuchma, President of Ukraine (1994-2005)
- Prime Minister -
- Crimea (autonomous republic)
- Chairman of the Parliament -
- Prime Minister - Arkadiy Demidenko, Prime Minister of Crimea (1996-1997)
- United Kingdom -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom (1952-present)
- Prime Minister - John Major, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1990-1997)
- Guernsey (British Crown dependency)
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Duke of Normandy (1952–present)
- Lieutenant-Governor - Sir John Coward, Lieutenant-Governor of Guernsey (1994–2000)
- Bailiff - Sir Graham Dorey, Bailiff of Guernsey (1992-1999)
- Alderney (self-governing island)
- Head of Government - George William Baron, President of the States of Alderney (1994-1997)
- Sark (self-governing island)
- Seigneur - John Michael Beaumont, Seigneur of Sark (1974–present)
- Jersey (British Crown dependency)
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Duke of Normandy (1952–present)
- Lieutenant-Governor - Sir Michael Wilkes, Lieutenant-Governor of Jersey (1995-2001)
- Bailiff - Sir Philip Bailhache, Bailiff of Jersey (1995–present)
- Isle of Man (British Crown dependency)
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Lord of Mann (1952–present)
- Lieutenant-Governor - Sir Timothy Daunt, Lieutenant-Governor of Man (1995-2000)
- Chief minister -
- Gibraltar (British dependent territory)
- Governor - Sir Hugo White, Governor of Gibraltar (1995-1997)
- Chief Minister -
- Vatican City
- Pope - John Paul II, Sovereign of the State of the Vatican City (1978-2005)
- Secretary of State - Angelo Sodano, Cardinal Secretary of State (1990-2006)
- President of the Governorate - Rosalio José Castillo Lara, President of the Governorate of Vatican City State (1990-1997)
- Yugoslavia -
- President - Zoran Lilić, President of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1993-1997)
- Prime Minister - Radoje Kontić, Prime Minister of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1993-1998)
- Serbia (constituent republic)
- President - Slobodan Milošević, President of Serbia (1989-1997)
- Prime Minister - Mirko Marjanović, President of the Government of Serbia (1994–2000)
- Republic of Kosova (unrecognized secessionist state)
- President - Ibrahim Rugova, President of the Republic of Kosova (1992-2000)
- Prime Minister - Bujar Bukoshi, Prime Minister of the Republic of Kosova (1991-2000)
- Montenegro (constituent republic)
- President - Momir Bulatović, President of Montenegro (1990-1998)
- Prime Minister - Milo Đukanović, Prime Minister of Montenegro (1991-1998)
[edit] Middle East
- Bahrain -
- Monarch - Isa ibn Salman Al Khalifah, Emir of Bahrain (1961–1999)[19]
- Prime Minister - Khalifah ibn Sulman Al Khalifah, Prime Minister of Bahrain (1970–present)[20]
- Egypt -
- President - Hosni Mubarak, President of Egypt (1981–present)
- Prime Minister -
- Iran -
- Supreme Leader - Ali Khamenei, Supreme Leader of Iran (1989–present)
- President - Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, President of Iran (1989-1997)
- Iraq -
- President - Saddam Hussein, President of Iraq (1979-2003)
- Prime Minister - Saddam Hussein, Prime Minister of Iraq (1994-2003)
- Israel -
- President - Ezer Weizman, President of Israel (1993-2000)
- Prime Minister -
- Jordan -
- Monarch - Hussein, King of Jordan (1952-1999)
- Prime Minister -
- Kuwait -
- Monarch - Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, Emir of Kuwait (1977-2006)
- Prime Minister - Saad Al-Abdullah Al-Salim Al-Sabah, Prime Minister of Kuwait (1978-2003)
- Lebanon -
- President - Elias Hrawi, President of Lebanon (1989–1998)
- Prime Minister - Rafik Hariri, Prime Minister of Lebanon (1992-1998)
- Oman -
- Monarch - Qaboos Bin Said, Sultan of Oman (1970–present)
- Prime Minister - Qaboos Bin Said, Prime Minister of Oman (1972–present)
- Qatar -
- Monarch - Hamad bin Khalifa, Emir of Qatar (1995–present)
- Prime Minister -
- Saudi Arabia
- Monarch - Fahd, King of Saudi Arabia (1982-2005)
- Prime Minister - Fahd, Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia (1982-2005)
- Syria -
- President - Hafez al-Assad, President of Syria (1971-2000)
- Prime Minister - Mahmoud Zuabi, Prime Minister of Syria (1987-2000)
- United Arab Emirates -
- President - Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, President of the United Arab Emirates (1971-2004)
- Prime Minister - Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates (1990-2006)
- Yemen -
- President - Ali Abdullah Saleh, President of Yemen (1990–present)[21]
- Prime Minister - Abdul Aziz Abdul Ghani, Prime Minister of Yemen (1994-1997)
[edit] North America
- Anguilla (British dependent territory)
- Governor -
- Chief Minister - Hubert Hughes, Chief Minister of Anguilla (1994-2000)
- Antigua and Barbuda -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Antigua and Barbuda (1981–present)
- Governor-General - Sir James Carlisle, Governor-General of Antigua and Barbuda (1993–2007)
- Prime Minister - Lester Bird, Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda (1994–2004)
- Aruba (constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
- Governor - Olindo Koolman, Governor of Aruba (1992–2004)
- Prime Minister - Henny Eman, Prime Minister of Aruba (1994–2001)
- The Bahamas -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of the Bahamas (1973–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Orville Alton Turnquest, Governor-General of the Bahamas (1995–2001)
- Prime Minister - Hubert Ingraham, Prime Minister of the Bahamas (1992–2002)
- Barbados -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Barbados (1966–present)
- Governor-General -
- Prime Minister - Owen Arthur, Prime Minister of Barbados (1994–2008)
- Belize -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Belize (1981–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Colville Young, Governor-General of Belize (1993–present)
- Prime Minister - Manuel Esquivel, Prime Minister of Belize (1993–1998)
- Bermuda (British dependent territory)
- Governor - David Waddington, Baron Waddington, Governor of Bermuda (1992-1997)
- Premier - David Saul, Premier of Bermuda (1995-1997)
- British Virgin Islands (British dependent territory)
- Governor - David Mackilligin, Governor of the British Virgin Islands (1995-1998)
- Premier - Ralph T. O'Neal, Chief Minister of the British Virgin Islands (1995-2003)
- Canada -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada (1952-present)
- Governor-General - Roméo LeBlanc, Governor-General of Canada (1995-1999)
- Prime Minister - Jean Chrétien, Prime Minister of Canada (1993-2003)
- Cayman Islands (British dependent territory)
- Governor - John Wynne Owen, Governor of the Cayman Islands (1995-1999)
- Head of Government - Truman Bodden, Leader of Government Business of the Cayman Islands (1994-2000)
- Costa Rica -
- President - José María Figueres, President of Costa Rica (1994–1998)
- Cuba
- Communist Party Leader - Fidel Castro, First secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba (1965-present)
- President - Fidel Castro, President of the Council of State of Cuba (1976–2008)
- Premier - Fidel Castro, President of the Council of Ministers of Cuba (1959–2008)
- Dominica -
- President - Crispin Sorhaindo, President of Dominica (1993–1998)
- Prime Minister - Edison James, Prime Minister of Dominica (1995–2000)
- Dominican Republic -
- El Salvador -
- President - Armando Calderón Sol, President of El Salvador (1994-1999)
- Grenada -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Grenada (1974–present)
- Governor-General -
- Prime Minister - Keith Mitchell, Prime Minister of Grenada (1995–2008)
- Guatemala -
- President -
- Haiti -
- President -
- Prime Minister -
- Honduras -
- President - Carlos Roberto Reina, President of Honduras (1994-1998)
- Jamaica -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Jamaica (1962–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Howard Cooke, Governor-General of Jamaica (1991-2006)
- Prime Minister - P. J. Patterson, Prime Minister of Jamaica (1992-2006)
- Mexico -
- President - Ernesto Zedillo, President of Mexico (1994-2000)
- Montserrat (British dependent territory)
- Governor - Frank Savage, Governor of Montserrat (1993-1997)
- Chief Minister -
- Netherlands Antilles (constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
- Governor - Jaime Saleh, Governor of the Netherlands Antilles (1990-2002)
- Prime Minister - Miguel Arcangel Pourier, Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles (1994-1998)
- Nicaragua -
- President - Violeta Chamorro, President of Nicaragua (1990-1997)
- Panama -
- President - Ernesto Pérez Balladares, President of Panama (1994-1999)
- Saint Kitts and Nevis -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1983–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Cuthbert Sebastian, Governor-General of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1996–present)
- Prime Minister - Denzil Douglas, Prime Minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1995–present)
- Nevis (autonomous island)
- Deputy Governor-General - Eustace John, Deputy Governor-General of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1992–present)
- Premier - Vance Amory, Premier of Nevis (1992–2006)
- Saint Lucia -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Lucia (1979–present)
- Governor-General -
- Prime Minister -
- Saint Pierre and Miquelon (Territorial collectivity of France)
- Prefect -
- President of the General Council -
- Saint Vincent and the Grenadines -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1979–present)
- Governor-General -
- Prime Minister - Sir James Fitz-Allen Mitchell, Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1984-2000)
- Trinidad and Tobago -
- President - Noor Hassanali, President of Trinidad and Tobago (1987-1997)
- Prime Minister - Basdeo Panday, Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (1995-2001)
- Tobago (autonomous island)
- Turks and Caicos Islands (British dependent territory)
- Governor -
- Chief Minister - Derek Hugh Taylor, Chief Minister of Turks and Caicos Islands (1995-2003)
- United States of America -
- President - Bill Clinton, President of the United States (1993-2001)
- Puerto Rico (Commonwealth of the United States)
- Governor - Pedro Rosselló, Governor of Puerto Rico (1993-2001)
- United States Virgin Islands (Insular area of the United States)
- Governor - Roy L. Schneider, Governor of US Virgin Islands (1995-1999)
[edit] South America
- Argentina -
- President - Carlos Menem, President of Argentina (1989-1999)
- Bolivia -
- President - Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada, President of Bolivia (1993-1997)
- Brazil -
- President - Fernando Henrique Cardoso, President of Brazil (1995-2003)
- Chile -
- President - Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle, President of Chile (1994-2000)
- Colombia -
- President - Ernesto Samper, President of Colombia (1994-1998)
- Ecuador -
- President -
- Falkland Islands (British dependent territory)
- Guyana -
- President - Cheddi Jagan, President of Guyana (1992-1997)
- Prime Minister - Sam Hinds, Prime Minister of Guyana (1992-1997)
- Paraguay -
- President - Juan Carlos Wasmosy, President of Paraguay (1993-1998)
- Peru -
- President - Alberto Fujimori, President of Peru (1990-2000)
- Prime Minister -
- Suriname -
- President -
- Uruguay -
- President - Julio María Sanguinetti Coirolo, President of Uruguay (1995-2000)
- Venezuela -
- President - Rafael Caldera, President of Venezuela (1994-1999)
[edit] References
- http://www.rulers.org/ Rulers
- ^ Eritrea only became independent in 1993.
- ^ Brunei only became independent in 1984.
- ^ Kazakhstan only became independent in 1991.
- ^ The position of the Chairman was only declared to be the "highest office of state" by the constitution that came into effect on September 5, 1998.
- ^ Kyrgyzstan only became independent in 1991.
- ^ Turkmenistan only became independent in 1991.
- ^ Uzbekistan only became independent in 1991.
- ^ The Marshall Islands only became independent in 1986.
- ^ Palau only became independent in 1994.
- ^ Tonga only became independent in 1970.
- ^ Armenia only became independent in 1991.
- ^ Bosnia and Herzegovina only declared independence in 1992.
- ^ Croatia only became independent in 1991.
- ^ The Czech Republic only became independent in 1993.
- ^ Abkhazia only declared independence on 23 July 1992, which was recognized by Russia and Nicaragua in 2008.
- ^ Moldova only became independent in 1991.
- ^ Russia only became independent in 1991.
- ^ Slovenia only became independent in 1991.
- ^ Bahrain only became independent in 1971.
- ^ Bahrain only became independent in 1971.
- ^ Previously president of North Yemen from 1978 to 1990.
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