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Karkin language)
Karkin (also called Los Carquines in Spanish) is a name of one sub-group of the indigenous Ohlone people of California, as well as the name of the language they spoke.
Karkin (Los Carquines) is a language within the Ohlone/Costanoan sub-family of the Utian language language family.[1][2] It was spoken in Northern California by one local tribal group of the Ohlone who lived in the Carquinez Strait region in the northeast portion of the San Francisco Bay estuary.[3] Its only documentation is a single vocabulary obtained by linguist-missionary Felipe Arroyo de la Cuesta at Mission Dolores in 1821.[4] Although meager, the records of Karkin show that it constituted a distinct branch of Costanoan, strikingly different from the neighboring Chochenyo Ohlone language and other Ohlone languages spoken farther south.[5] Karkin has probably not been spoken since the nineteenth century.
All Costanoan languages went extinct, but some are being studied and revived.
- ^ Callaghan 1997
- ^ Golla 2007:73
- ^ Milliken 1995:238
- ^ Milliken 2008:6
- ^ Beeler 1961
[edit] References
- Beeler, Madison S. 1961. "Northern Costanoan." International Journal of American Linguistics 27: 191-197.
- Callaghan, Catherine A. 1997. "Evidence for Yok-Utian." International Journal of American Linguistics 63:18-64.
- Golla, Victor. 2007. "Linguistic Prehistory." California Prehistory: Colonization, Culture, and Complexity. Terry L. Jones and Kathryn A. Klar, eds., pp. 71-82. New York: Altamira Press. ISBN 13:978-0-7591-0872-1 (alk. paper)
- Milliken, Randall T. 1995. A Time of Little Choice: The Disintegration of Tribal Culture in the San Francisco Bay Region, 1769-1810. Menlo Park, CA: Ballena Press.
- Milliken, Randall T. 2008. Native Americans at Mission San Jose. Banning, CA: Malki-Ballena Press. ISBN 978-0-87919-147-4 (alk. paper)
- Ethnologue: Karkin An Extinct Language of USA
- Costanoan/Ohlone Indian Language
