Holyoke, Massachusetts
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Holyoke, Massachusetts | |
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| Nickname(s): Paper City | |
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| Coordinates: 42°12′15″N 72°37′00″W / 42.20417°N 72.616667°W | |
| Country | United States |
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| State | Massachusetts |
| County | Hampden |
| Settled | 1745 |
| Incorporated | 1850 |
| Government | |
| - Type | Mayor-council city |
| - Mayor | Michael J. Sullivan |
| Area | |
| - Total | 22.8 sq mi (59.1 km2) |
| - Land | 21.3 sq mi (55.1 km2) |
| - Water | 1.5 sq mi (4.0 km2) |
| Elevation | 200 ft (61 m) |
| Population (2005 estimate) | |
| - Total | 39,958 |
| - Density | 1,871.4/sq mi (722.6/km2) |
| Time zone | Eastern (UTC-5) |
| - Summer (DST) | Eastern (UTC-4) |
| ZIP code | 01040 |
| Area code(s) | 413 |
| FIPS code | 25-30840 |
| GNIS feature ID | 0617679 |
| Website | http://www.holyoke.org/ |
Holyoke is a city in Hampden County, Massachusetts, United States, on the banks of the Connecticut River. It is part of the Springfield, Massachusetts Metropolitan Statistical Area. The city was named after Elizur Holyoke, who explored the area in 1660. One of the first planned industrial communities, Holyoke's nickname is The Paper City.
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[edit] History
The region of the Connecticut River Valley was first inhabited by Englishmen in 1633 by virtue of a post established at Windsor by traders from the Plymouth Plantation. Very shortly it became subject to rival claims on the part of New Netherlands, the Massachusetts Bay Colony and Plymouth Colony. The Massachusetts Bay men explored the overland route to the "Great River." In 1635-36, a warehouse and wharf, for purposes of trading with the Indians, was constructed in nearby Agawam. Out of this "trading post" grew Springfield, which later evolved into West Springfield, whose third Parish, called North Parish, or "Ireland Parish," became Holyoke. Holyoke was first settled in 1745 and was officially incorporated in 1850.
The first post office in the area was called Ireland and was established June 3, 1822, with Martin Chapin as first postmaster. It was discontinued in 1883. Another post office called Ireland Depot was established February 26, 1847, with John M. Chapin as first postmaster and had its name changed to Holyoke (with George Whittle as first postmaster) March 14, 1850.[1]
A part of Northampton known as Smiths Ferry was separated from the rest of the town by the creation of Easthampton in 1809, and the shortest path to downtown Northampton was on a road near the Connecticut River oxbow, which was subject to frequent flooding. The neighborhood became the northern part of Holyoke in 1909.[2]
[edit] Population and economy
Holyoke had few inhabitants until the construction of a dam and the Holyoke Canal System in 1849, and the subsequent construction of water-powered mills, particularly paper mills. At one point over 25 paper mills were in operation in the city, and the population exploded from 4,600 in 1885 to over 60,000 in 1920. In 1888, Holyoke's paper industry spurred the foundation of the American Pad & Paper Company, which as of 2007[update] is one of the largest suppliers of office products in the world. As an early planned industrial town, its rectilinear street grid is noteworthy in a region where few streets are parallel or even straight. This street hierarchy is seen as a potential economic development tool as it lends well to high-rise buildings, and the surrounding canals could be landscaped into a source of recreation and relaxation.
Historically, Holyoke was among the most successful cities in the region, its prosperity reflected in its impressive architecture; its shops and institutions could be compared to those in larger cities[citation needed] . It was once known as the capital of the region[citation needed] However, Holyoke's fortunes took a turn for the worse as manufacturing became an ever-shrinking part of the American economy. Neighboring Springfield, where the original regional settlement began, gained control over the title and is now the leading metro center for the region.
Many visitors and citizens[who?] still think highly of Holyoke because of its history and geographical location. The falls provided the start up for economic development and remain an attraction to this day. In its heyday, Holyoke was a self-contained city, it had a large entertainment scene, many institutions, impressive architecture, and an attractive natural surrounding all in one.
In recent months, the idea of establishing a river port in Holyoke has gained recognition[citation needed]. Since, Holyoke has the lowest elevation in the surrounding metropolitan area, as well as potential for possibilities of land available, and the location of major transportation alternatives. However, further down the river, certain areas would have to be dredged, especially around Springfield.[The Republican Newspaper]
In the past several years, there have been efforts to bring jobs into Holyoke and diversify the economic base. The retail sector has been a major employer in the city since the Holyoke Mall, one of the largest shopping malls in New England, opened in 1979, as well as the nearby Holyoke Crossing shopping center. This has also provided the city with a large and steady tax base, contributing over $7 million dollars in taxes annually.[3] It is sister-cities with Deltona, Florida. Holyoke also contains the Log Cabin Banquet and Meeting House and the Paper City Brewery.
[edit] "The People's College"
Holyoke Public Library, found at 335 Maple Street, is one of the very few examples of neoclassical architecture in the city of Holyoke. It sits firmly on Library Park, which was donated by the Holyoke Water Power Company in 1887. In 1870 the library was originally located in a room in the old Appleton Street School. In 1876 it moved to a large central room on the main floor of City Hall. It remained there until it was determined that it had outgrown the space and a modern facility was required.[4] Holyoke's citizens were charged to raise money to construct the library building and provide additional books. Under the leadership of Henry Chase, $95,000 was raised. William Whiting and William Skinner, each gave $10,000. Joseph Clough, the architect in charge of designing the building, gave his services gratis because his daughter was a faithful patron of the library. It opened officially in 1902.[5] At the dedication ceremony William Whiting, who was library president at the time, referred to the library as the "people's college", and added that: “A library is as much a part of the intellectual life of a community as its schools, and should be supported generously as part of our educational system. Within these walls you will find authors devoted to literature, arts and science, and they are free to any who will ask. We can say to the citizens of Holyoke you have only to ask her and you will find knowledge to make your life useful and happy”.[6]
[edit] Home of Volleyball
On February 9, 1895, William G. Morgan invented volleyball at the Holyoke YMCA. That YMCA building has since been demolished. Though credited to nearby Springfield, basketball was also thought to have been invented at the Holyoke YMCA, as outlined in several articles by Holyoke Transcript-Telegram sportswriter Bill Keating in the 1960s and 70s. The Volleyball Hall of Fame resides in Holyoke at Heritage State Park and inducts a new class of athletes, coaches and contributors every October.
[edit] Immigration and migration
Holyoke has the highest percentage of Puerto Ricans of any city in the United States outside Puerto Rico.[7] Always a city of working-class immigrants, the first wave of mill workers was predominantly Irish, and Holyoke is still home to the second-largest St. Patrick's Day parade in the United States, surpassed only by the New York City parade.[8] Held annually since 1952 on the Sunday following St. Patrick's Day, the parade draws thousands of people from across the region and nation. In the 1850s, mills began to recruit French-Canadians, who were viewed as more docile and less likely to form labor unions.[9] Later waves of immigration and migration led to significant communities of Germans, Poles, Jews, and then, starting in the 1950s, Puerto Ricans, and other Latino groups. Today Latinos form the largest minority group in the city. Unlike most immigrants to Holyoke, Puerto Ricans were already American citizens when they migrated here, due to the Jones-Shafroth Act of 1917.
[edit] Puerto Rican Day Parade
The Latino community of Holyoke holds an annual Puerto Rican Day parade on the third weekend of July as part of an Annual Hispanic Family Festival held by La Familia Hispana, inc. Every year the parade grows in popularity, attracting Latinos from across the northeast.
[edit] Geography
Holyoke is located at 42°12′11″N 72°37′26″W / 42.20306°N 72.62389°W (42.203191, -72.623969).[10]
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 22.8 square miles (59.1 km²), of which, 21.3 square miles (55.1 km²) of it is land and 1.5 square miles (4.0 km²) of it (6.70%) is water.
Holyoke is the location of East Mountain, the Mount Tom Range, and Mount Tom, 1202 feet (363 m), the highest traprock peak on the Metacomet Ridge, a linear mountain range that extends from Long Island Sound to the Vermont border. Mount Tom is characterized by its high cliffs, sweeping vistas, and microclimate ecosystems. The 110-mile (180 km) Metacomet-Monadnock Trail traverses the Mount Tom Range and East Mountain. The picture to the right is not Holyoke but the neighboring town of Easthampton.
[edit] Demographics
| Historical populations | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Census | Pop. | %± | |
| 1850 | 3,245 |
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| 1860 | 4,997 | 54.0% | |
| 1870 | 10,733 | 114.8% | |
| 1880 | 21,915 | 104.2% | |
| 1890 | 35,637 | 62.6% | |
| 1900 | 45,712 | 28.3% | |
| 1910 | 57,730 | 26.3% | |
| 1920 | 60,203 | 4.3% | |
| 1930 | 56,537 | −6.1% | |
| 1940 | 53,750 | −4.9% | |
| 1950 | 54,661 | 1.7% | |
| 1960 | 52,191 | −4.5% | |
| 1970 | 50,112 | −4.0% | |
| 1980 | 44,678 | −10.8% | |
| 1990 | 43,704 | −2.2% | |
| 2000 | 39,838 | −8.8% | |
| Est. 2007 | 39,737 | −0.3% | |
Holyoke is noted as one of the poorest cities in Massachusetts, with about 50% of school children living below the poverty line. Holyoke's crime rates in most categories are above the national average, in some categories, significantly. [11]
As of the census[12] of 2000, there were 39,838 people, 14,967 households, and 9,474 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,871.4 people per square mile (722.5/km²). There were 16,210 housing units at an average density of 761.5/sq mi (294.0/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 65.76% White, 3.71% African American, 0.38% Native American, 0.81% Asian, 0.12% Pacific Islander, 26.41% from other races, and 2.81% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 41.38% of the population.
There were 14,967 households out of which 33.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.5% were married couples living together, 22.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.7% were non-families. 30.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.57 and the average family size was 3.23.
In the city the population was spread out with 29.5% under the age of 18, 9.0% from 18 to 24, 26.8% from 25 to 44, 19.2% from 45 to 64, and 15.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females there were 88.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.3 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $30,441, and the median income for a family was $36,130. Males had a median income of $34,849 versus $26,652 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,913. About 22.6% of families and 26.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 41.7% of those under age 18 and 13.2% of those age 65 or over.
[edit] Points of interest
- Holyoke Canal System
- Mount Tom of the Mount Tom Range
- Metacomet-Monadnock Trail
- East Mountain
- Holyoke Heritage State Park
- Holyoke Merry Go Round
- Nick's Nest, established 1920, a restaurant featuring "The World's Best Hot Dogs" continues to thrive today. Nick's is located on Route 5 in Holyoke, just around the corner from exit 17.
- Haberman Hardware- a family owned hardware store established in 1927.
- Wistariahurst Museum [2]
- Nuestras Raices (community gardens, youth leadership, and economic development) [3]
- La Finca farm, a project of Nuestras Raices [4]
[edit] Education
Holyoke Public Schools [5] serves the city of Holyoke. Holyoke High School & William J. Dean Technical High School are the high schools for the town. Holyoke Community College serves Holyoke as well as the western Massachusetts area.
[edit] Notable former residents
- Jack Buck (1924-2002), an American sportscaster, was born here.
- Paul Azinger (born 1960), a professional golfer and captain of the 2008 U.S. Ryder Cup team, was born in Holyoke.
- Mark Wohlers (born 1970), a former MLB relief pitcher who won a World Series in 1995 with the Atlanta Braves, was born and raised in Holyoke, attending Holyoke High School.
- Art Adams (born 1963) an American writer and comic book illustrator.
- Hal Holbrook (born 1925), an American actor known for his portrayal of Mark Twain in a one-man show, worked in Holyoke as part of the Valley Players (1941-62), a summer stock theater company that performed at the Casino at the Mountain Park amusement park.
- The novelist, Raymond Kennedy (1934-2008), grew up in Holyoke in the 1940s and later set many of his books in a fictionalized Holyoke that he called "Ireland Parish" and "Hadley Falls".
- Billy Mitchell, classic arcade gamer, was born here.
- Cornelius Mahoney "Neil" Sheehan was born October 27, 1936 in Holyoke. He is the author of A Bright Shining Lie: John Paul Vann and America in Vietnam.
- Lt. Carl Richard Wildner, Navigator on "Plane 2" of the Doolittle Raid on Tokyo, April 18, 1942.
- William Whiting, former Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Massachusetts.
- William Fairfield Whiting, former U.S. Secretary of Commerce.
- Eva Tanguay, the "I Don't Care Girl", vaudevillian (1879-1947).
- Fran Healy (born September 6, 1946) a former Major League Baseball catcher. Healy played for the Kansas City Royals, San Francisco Giants and New York Yankees
[edit] References
- ^ Merolla, Lawrence M. and Crowther, Frank M. (1981) The Post Offices of Massachusetts, p. 43, North Abington, Massachusetts: Massachusetts Postal Research Society, Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 81-84332
- ^ Strycharz, Robb (1996-2006). "US-5: A Highway To History". http://www.chronos-historical.org/highway/07.html. Retrieved on 04/11/2009.
- ^ "Holyoke French Company Announces Plans to buy Holyoke Power Plant". The Springfield Republican. The Republican Company. 09-02-2008. http://www.masslive.com/news/index.ssf/2008/09/french_company_announces_plans.html?category=Business+category=Holyoke. Retrieved on 04/11/2009.
- ^ Library Governance
- ^ Paper City Scribblings: August 2006
- ^ Holyoke Public Library
- ^ Puerto Rican ancestry by city - ePodunk
- ^ Holyoke St Patricks Parade - Our Story
- ^ [1]
- ^ "US Gazetteer files: 2000 and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2005-05-03. http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/gazette.html. Retrieved on 2008-01-31.
- ^ "Holyoke Crime Statistics". CityRating.com. http://www.cityrating.com/citycrime.asp?city=Holyoke&state=MA. Retrieved on 04/11/2009.
- ^ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov. Retrieved on 2008-01-31.
[edit] External links
- City of Holyoke Website
- Citizens for the Revitalization and Urban Success of Holyoke
- Holyoke, MA History
- PassportHolyoke.org
- Holyoke History Room and Archives blog
- Holyoke, Massachusetts is at coordinates 42°12′11″N 72°37′26″W / 42.203191°N 72.623969°WCoordinates: 42°12′11″N 72°37′26″W / 42.203191°N 72.623969°W
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