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Hellenic Air Force

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Hellenic Air Force
Πολεμική Αεροπορία
Hellenic Air Force Emblem
Hellenic Air Force Seal
Founded 1930 as a separate service,[1]
Army Aviation established in 1911
Country  Greece
Allegiance The Hellenic Republic
Role National Defense & Air Superiority
Size aprox. 33000 personnel
over 500 aircraft
8 types of air defense systems
Part of Hellenic Armed Forces
Motto "Αίεν Υψικρατείν"
"Always Dominate the Heights"
Colors Blue / White
Engagements Balkan Wars, World War I, Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922), World War II, Greek Civil War, Korean War, Turkish Invasion of Cyprus
Commanders
Chief of Air Force General Staff Air Marshal Ioannis Giagkos[2]
Insignia
Identification
symbol
ΠΑ
HAF Roundel
HAF Fin Flash
Aircraft flown
Attack F-16, Mirage 2000, Mirage 2000-5 Mk2, F-4E Phantom II
Bomber A-7 Corsair II
Fighter F-16 Fighting Falcon
Interceptor Mirage 2000, Mirage 2000-5 Mk2
Patrol P-3B Orion
Reconnaissance Embraer E-99A, RF-4E, Pegasus II
Trainer T-41, T-6 Texan II, T-2
Transport C-27J, C-130, C-47, ERJ-135, Gulfstream V, Bell 212

The Hellenic Air Force (HAF) (in Greek: Πολεμική Αεροπορία (ΠΑ), Polemikí Aeroporía, literally "Military Aviation") is the air force of Greece. The mission of the Hellenic Air Force is to guard and protect Greek airspace, provide air assistance and support to the Hellenic Army and the Hellenic Navy, as well as the provision of humanitarian aid in Greece and around the world.

During the period of monarchy (1911-1922) & (1935-1974) the force was known as the Royal Hellenic Air Force (HRAF), (Ελληνική Βασιλική Αεροπορία (EBA), Ellinikí Vasilikí Aeroporía).

The motto of the Hellenic Air Force is "Αίεν Υψικρατείν" (Aien Ypsikratein), Always Dominate the Heights, and the HAF ensign represents a flying eagle in front of the Hellenic Air Force roundel. The Hellenic Air Force is one of the three branches of the Hellenic Armed Forces.

Contents

[edit] History

The Henri Farman was the first aircraft to enter service. It served in both Balkan Wars, and the First World War

The Hellenic Air Force was founded as an army aviation service in 1911 and has more than 90 years of history.

[edit] Foundation and the Balkan Wars

In 1911 the Greek Government appointed French specialists to form the Hellenic Aviation Service. Six Greek officers were sent to France for training, while the first four "Farman" type aircraft were ordered.All of the six graduated from the Farman school in Etampes near Paris,but only four served subsequently in aviation. The first civiliaa Greek aviator who was given military rank was Emmanouil Argyropoulos, who flew in a Nieuport IV.G. "Alkyon" aircraft, on February 8, 1912.

The first military flight was made on May 13, 1912 by Lieutenant Dimitrios Kamberos. In June, Kamberos flew with the "Daedalus", a Farman Aviation Works aircraft that had been converted into a seaplane, setting a new world average speed record at 110 km/h and the foundations of Naval Aviation. During September of the same year, the Greek Army fielded its first squadron, the "Aviators Company" (Λόχος Αεροπόρων). On October 5, 1912, Kamberos flew the first combat mission, a reconnaissance flight over Thessaly.This was the first day of the Balkan wars, and during the same day a similar mission was flown by German mercenaries in Ottoman service in the Thrace front against the Bulgarians.The Greek and the Ottoman mission flown during the same day are the first military aviation combat missions in a conventional war.As a matter of fact all Balkan countries used military aircraft and foreign mercenaries during the Balkan Wars.January 24, 1913 saw the first naval co-operation war mission worldwide, which took place above the Dardanelles. Aided by the destroyer Velos, first Lieutenant Michael Moutoussis and Ensign Aristidis Moraitinis flew the Maurice Farman hydroplane and drew up a diagram of the positions of the Turkish fleet, against which they dropped four bombs. This was not the first air-to-surface bombing in military history as there was a precedent in the Turkish Italian war of 1911 ,but the first recorded attack against ships from the air.

[edit] Balkan Wars and aftermath

Drawing of a PZL P.24, the main Greek fighter in the Greco-Italian War

Initially the Hellenic Army and the Royal Hellenic Navy operated separate Army Aviation and Naval Aviation units. During the Balkan Wars, various French Henry and Maurice Farman aircraft types were in use. One of them, the Daidalos, was converted into a seaplane, and used for reconnaissance and bombing missions over the Ottoman naval base in the Sea of Marmara, one of the first such missions in the world. Naval Aviation was officially founded in 1914 by the then CinC of the Greek Navy, British Admiral Mark Kerr. Greek aviation units participated in World War I and the Asia Minor Campaign, equipped by the Allies with a variety of French and British designs.

In 1930 the Aviation Ministry was founded, establishing the Air Force as the third branch of the Armed Forces.Naval and Army aviation were amalgamated into a single service. In 1931 the Hellenic Air Force Academy, the Scholi Ikaron (Σχολή Ικάρων), was founded.

In 1939 an order for 24 Marcel Bloch MB.151 fighter aircraft was placed, but only 9 of the aircraft reached Greece, since the outbreak of World War II prevented the French from completing the order. The aircraft served in the 24th Pursuit Squadron (MD - Moira Dioxis) of the then Hellenic Royal Air Force.

[edit] World War II and Civil War

Hellenic Air Force RF-4E Phantom II, in a special colour scheme, lands at RIAT 2008, England.

During the Second World War, the RHAF successfully resisted the Italian invasion in 1940, but practically the entire force was destroyed by the German Luftwaffe in April 1941.

The Air Force was rebuilt in the Middle East as part of the British Royal Air Force, flying Spitfires, Hurricanes and Martin Baltimores (335th, 336th and 13th Squadrons).

After Greece's liberation in 1944, it returned home and subsequently played a decisive role in the Greek Civil War, which lasted until 1949.

[edit] Post-war developments

H.A.F. Mirage 2000 EG climbing after take-off.

The Royal Hellenic Air Force participated in the Korean War with a transport flight.

In 1952 Greece was admitted to NATO and the Air Force was rebuilt and organized according to NATO standards, with US assistance. New aircraft, including jets, were introduced.

The F-84F first flew with the Hellenic Air Force in 1955. The Thunderstreak was developed to overcome the limitations of the Thunderjet's straight flying surfaces. The RF-84F was the reconnaissance version of the F-84 F Thunderstreak. This aircraft remained operational with the 348 Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron of the Hellenic Air Force from 1956 to March 29, 1991.

In the late 1960s the RHAF acquired new jet aircraft, that served well for almost 20 years. The main jets that entered the HAF fleet during this period were the F-104G "Starfighter" and later on, the Convair F-102 "Delta Dagger" (in service 1969-1975) and the F-5 "Freedom Fighter".

In the mid 1970s the RHAF was further modernized with deliveries of the Dassault Mirage F1CG fleet and the first batch of F-4E "Phantom", upgraded versions of which still serve today.

[edit] Modernization

F-16C/D Block 52+ of the Hellenic Air Force
Mirage 2000-5 Mk 2 of the Hellenic Air Force

Until the late 1980s the Air Force deployed Nike-Hercules Missiles armed with U.S. nuclear warheads. As a result of Greco-Turkish tensions around the 1974 Turkish invasion in Cyprus, the U.S. removed its nuclear weapons from Greek and Turkish alert units to storage. Greece saw this as another pro-Turkish move by NATO and withdrew its forces from NATO’s military command structure from 1974 to 1980.

In 1988 the first fourth generation fighters were introduced, marking the beginning of a new era: the first Mirage 2000 EG/BG aircraft were delivered to the 114 Combat Wing and equipped the 331 and 332 squadrons. In January 1989, the first F-16C/D Block 30 arrived in Nea Anchialos (111 Combat Wing) and were allocated between the 330 and 346 squadrons.

In March 29 1991 the RF-84F were retired from service after 34 years and 7 months of operational life. In November 1992 more RF-4E were delivered to the 348 Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron. In 1997 the reception of fourth generation aircraft continued. In July, delivery of forty F-16 Block 50 began. The new aircraft, equipped with the LANTIRN navigation and targeting pod as well as AMRAAM and HARM missiles, were allocated to the 341 and 347 squadrons.

[edit] Entering the 21st century

Greece participated in NATO "nuclear weapons sharing" until 2001, using A-7 Corsair IIs to deploy tactical B61 nuclear warheads from Araxos Air Base. Greece then strategically decided to remove all nuclear weapons under storage in Greece and did not purchase any more aircraft with nuclear mounting capabilities.

In September 2004 started the Mirage 2000BG/EG fleet upgrade to the standard 2000-5 Mk2 and the project was undertaken by the French manufacturer Dassault and the Hellenic Aerospace Industry (EAB). Fifteen aircraft were ordered, while ten more were undertaken for upgrade by Dassault and EAB. The enhancements included upgraded radar and avionics, air-refueling capabilities, new self-defense system and upgraded engine, while the cockpit has taken some serious reforms.

In 2005, Greece was the first country worldwide[1] to add the F-16 Block 52+ to its inventory. Ninety of these 4.5th generation aircraft were ordered and delivery begun the same year. This advanced F-16 type is an improved version of the Block 50 featuring a more powerful radar, better communications systems and an upgraded engine. The Hellenic Air Force Block 52+ Falcons belong to the 337, 340, 343 and 335 Squadrons with call signs "Ghost", "Fox", "Star" and "Tiger" respectively. 337 SQ is based at Larissa Air Force Base (110 Combat Wing), the other two in Souda Air Base (115 CW) and the last in Araxos Air Base.

Due to the retirement of units that have ended their operational life (A-7E Corsair II and F-4 Phantom II), the HAF should be looking forward to acquiring new 4th, 4.5th or 5th generation fighters in order to reach a total number of 300 advanced fighters, according to the Supreme Air Force Council "2007-2012 operational planning" study which was published in 2007. Possible candidates for a 4.5th or 5th generation aircraft are mainly the Eurofighter Typhoon and Dassault Rafale, with JAS 39 Gripen being an alternative option as well. Greece so far, has not shown interest in F-35 Lightning II (JSF). A pro-Russian lobby in Greece promotes the acquisition of Sukhoi Su-35 or Su-37.[3]

[edit] Organisation

The Hellenic Air Force is overseen by the Hellenic Ministry of National Defence, whose head is minister Vangelis Meimarakis. More specifically, HAF is directly overseen by the Hellenic National Defence General Staff.

The Hellenic Air Force includes approximately 33,000 active troops, of whom 11,750 are career officers, 14,000 are professional conscripts (ΕΠ.ΟΠ.), 7,250 are volunteer conscripts and 1,100 are women. The three commands are the Tactical Air Command (Αρχηγείο Τακτικής Αεροπορίας, ATA), headquartered at Larisa, the Air Support Command (Διοίκηση Αεροπορικής Υποστήριξης, ΔΑΥ) and the Air Training Command (Διοίκηση Αεροπορικής Εκπαίδευσης, ΔΑΕ), both based in Athens.

The Tactical Air Command includes eight Combat Wings and one Transport Wing. The Combat Wings have six fighter ground-attack squadrons. There are ten fighter squadrons, one regular reconnaissance squadron, and one marine reconnaissance squadron. Three transport squadrons and two helicopter squadrons form the organization of the air portion of the Tactical Air Command. The Air Training Command includes four training squadrons.

The eight major H.A.F. installations are located in Larisa, Nea Anchialos (west of Volos), Elefsis, west of Athens, Thessaloniki, Tanagra, north of Athens, Souda Bay, Araxos in the northern Peloponnese, and Andravida. Other airports supporting military operations are located in the Aegean Islands of Karpathos, Santorini (Thira), Rhodes, Skyros, and Lemnos as well as in Kavala, Heraklion, Ritsona and Tatoi/Dekeleia, north of Athens.

  • Combat operations are overseen by the Chief of Operations of the Supreme Air Force Council.
  • Support services are managed by the Directorate of Aeronautical Support of the Air Force Support Command.
  • The training squadrons and air force schools, like the "Icarus Air Force Academy" and the "School of Advanced War Training", run by the Training Directorate of the Air Force Training Command.

[edit] Senior Command

  • Minister of National Defence: Evangelos Meimarakis
    • Chief of Air Force General Staff: Lieutenant Gen. Ioannis Giagkos[4]
      • Chief of Tactical Air Force Command (HTAFC): Lieutenant Gen. Vasilios Klokozas[5]
      • Chief of Air Force Support Command (HAFSC): Lieutenant Gen. Ioannis Patsantaras[6]
      • Chief of Air Force Training Command (HAFTC): Major Gen. Konstantinos Vlachavas[7]

[edit] Officer Ranks and Insignia

General officers
Pterarchos (OF-9)
(Greek: Πτἐραρχος)
Air Chief Marshal or General
Used only when the Chief of the Armed Forces General Staff is an officer of the Air Force
Antipterarchos (OF-8)
(GGreek: Αντιπτἐραρχος)
Ypopterarchos (OF-7)
(GGreek: Υποπτἐραρχος)
Taxiarchos (OF-6)
(GGreek: Ταξἰαρχος)
Air Marshal or Lieutenant General Air Vice-Marshal or Major General Air Commodore or Brigadier General
Senior officers
Sminarchos (OF-5)
(Greek: Σμἠναρχος)
Antisminarchos (OF-4)
(Greek: Αντισμἠναρχος)
Episminagos (OF-3)
(Greek: Επισμηναγὀς)
Group Captain or Colonel Wing Commander or Lieutenant Colonel Squadron Leader or Major
Junior officers
Sminagos (OF-2)
(Greek: Σμηναγὀς)
Yposminagos (OF-1)
(Greek: Υποσμηναγὀς)
Anthyposminagos (OF-1)
(Greek: Ανθυποσμηναγὀς)
Flight Lieutenant or Captain Flying Officer or 1st Lieutenant Pilot Officer or 2nd Lieutenant
Personnel Undergoing Training
Tetartoetis Ikaros
(Greek: Τεταρτοετἠς Ικαρος)
Tritoetis Ikaros
(Greek: Τριτοετἠς Ικαρος)
Defteroetis Ikaros
(Greek: Δευτεροετἠς Ικαρος)
Protoetis Ikaros
(Greek: Πρωτοετἠς Ικαρος)
4th-year Cadet 3rd-year Cadet 2nd-year Cadet 1st-year Cadet

[edit] Structure

Structure of the Hellenic Air Force
Air Force General Command
251 Air Force General Hospital, Athens
Center of Aviation Medicine Supreme Air Force Medical Committee
Air Force Tactical Command
Air Operations Center in Larissa[8][9]
110th Combat Wing, Larissa AB
337 Fighter Squadron "Ghost"
(F-16C/D Block 52+)
346 Fighter Squadron "Jason"
(F-16C/D Block 30)
348 Reconnaissance Squadron "Eyes"
(RF-4E Phantom II)
111th Combat Wing, Nea Anchialos AB
330 Fighter Squadron "Thunder"
(F-16C/D Block 30)
341 Fighter Squadron "Ace"
(F-16C/D Block 50)
347 Fighter Squadron "Falcon"
(F-16C/D Block 50)
114th Combat Wing, Tanagra AB
331st Fighter Squadron "Aegeus"
(Mirage 2000-5 Mk2)
332nd Fighter Squadron "Perseus"
(Mirage 2000BGM/EGM3)
115th Combat Wing, Souda Bay, Crete
340th Fighter Squadron "Fox"
(F-16C/D Block 52+)
343rd Fighter Squadron "Star"
(F-16C/D Block 52+)
116th Combat Wing, Araxos AB
335th Fighter Squadron "Tiger"
(F-16C/D Block 52+)
336th Bomber Squadron "Olympus"
(TA-7C Corsair II)

(Note: to be replaced by F-16C/D Block 52+)
117th Combat Wing, Andravida AB
338 Interception Squadron "Ares"
(F-4E PI2000 Phantom II)
339 Interception Squadron "Ajax"
(F-4E PI2000 Phantom II)
Radars
1st Area Control Centre
Hortiatis
2nd Area Control Centre
Parnitha
3rd Area Control Centre
Ziros
Combat Groups
126 CG & 130 CG
Heraklion & Limnos
131 CG & 132 CG
Preveza & Agrinio
133 CG & 134 CG
Kastelli & Santorini
135 CG & 138 CG
Skyros & Tymbaki
350 Guided Missiles Wing, A/B Sedes, Thessaloniki
21st and 22nd GMS
Keratea & Skyros
(MIM-104 Patriot PAC-3)
23rd and 24th GMS
Thessaloniki & Tymbaki
(MIM-104 Patriot PAC-3)
25th and 26th GMS
Crete
(S-300 PMU1, Crotale NG/GR & TOR M1)
Maintenance Squadron
Special Units
380 AEW&C Squadron
Elefsis
(Embraer E-99A)
Air Tactics Center &
Tactical Weapons School

Andravida
Aerial Photography Interpretation Center
Larissa
140 Electronic Warfare Flight
Larissa
Air Force Support Command
112th Combat Wing, Elefsis AB[10]
31 Special Operations Squadron 353 Maritime Reconnaissance Squadron
(P-3B Orion)
VIP Transport Squadron
(Embraer ERJ-135ER & Gulfstream V)
Tactical Transport Squadrons
354 TTS "Pegasus"
(C-27J Spartan)
355 TTS "Hercules"
(C-130H/B Hercules)
356 TTS "Hephestus"
(Bombardier CL-215 & Dornier Do-28)
Search & Rescue Squadrons
358 SARS "Phaethon"
(AB 204/205 & AB 212 helicopters)
384 SARS "Puma"
(AS-332 Super Puma helicopters)
113th Combat Wing, Thessaloniki AB
383 Air Fire Fighting Squadron
(Bombardier CL-415)
129 Support Wing, Thessaloniki AB
Transport Squadron Supply Squadron
206 Air Force Infrastructure Wing
201 Air Force Supply Depot 204 Ammunition Supply Depot Petroleum Distribution Command Medical Emergency Helicopter Unit
(AW-109 Hirundo Air Ambulance)
Air Force Training Command
Air Force Academy, Dekelia AB[11]
360 Initial Training Squadron
(T-41D Mescalero)
120 Air Training Wing, Kalamata AB
361 Air Training Squadron
(T-6A Texan II)
362 Air Training Squadron
(T-2E Buckeye)
363 Air Training Squadron
(T-2E Buckeye)
364 Air Training Squadron
(T-6A Texan II)
Sea Survival Training School
123 Technical Training Wing, Dekelia AB
Air Defence Staff Training Center
124 Basic Training Wing, Tripoli, Arkadia
1st Cadets Training Squadron 2nd Cadets Training Squadron 3rd Cadets Training Squadron Local Defence Training Squadron
Air Force Schools
Air Force Command and Staff College
Air Force Technical NCO Academy
Air Force Administrative NCO Academy
Air Force Radio Navigators Academy
128 Communications & Avionics Training Squadron
Kavouri, Athens

[edit] Equipment

[edit] Aircraft Inventory

Greece is allowed to have up to 650 aircraft according to the CFE agreements.[12] Aircraft numbers bellow are as of January 2009.[13]

Aircraft and Helicopters Origin Type Versions In service Total Numbers Notes
Alenia C-27J Spartan  Italy Tactical Transport C-27J 12 12 Four aircraft equipped with IFRRS (In Flight Refuelling Receiver System). [2]
Lockheed C-130B/H Hercules  United States Tactical Transport C-130B
C-130H
5
10
15 Fleet undergoing an Avionics Upgrade (AUP) by SPAR Aerospace [3] and HAI.
Douglas C-47 Skytrain  United States Transport C-47B 0 1 Kept flyable for historical reasons.
Gulfstream V  United States VIP Transport G500 1 1
Embraer ERJ-135ER  Brazil VIP Transport ERJ-135ER 2 2
Embraer E-99A  Brazil Airborne Early Warning & Control (AEW&C) E-99A 4 4 Equipped with the Ericsson Erieye radar system.
EAB Pegasus II  Greece Reconnaissance (RUAV) E1-79 5 5 Twelve more under construction by the State Aircraft Factory (KEA).[4]
Lockheed P-3B Orion  United States Maritime Patrol P-3B 4 6 Two have been retired and used for spare parts.
NAMC YS-11A  Japan Calibration YS-11A 1 1
McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II  United States Tactical Fighter
Reconnaissance
F-4E PI2000
RF-4E
35
22
57
Vought A-7 Corsair II  United States Ground Attack A-7E
TA-7C
TA-7H
- in operational storage - 45 Under retirement.[13]
Dassault Mirage 2000  France Multirole Fighter M2000-5 Mk2
M2000 EGM3/BGM
25
20
45 [14]
Lockheed F-16 Fighting Falcon  United States Multirole Fighter F-16C Block 30/52+
F-16D Block 30/50+
130
30
160 [15]
Cessna T-41 Mescalero  United States Trainer T-41D 19 19 Military version of the Cessna 172 Skyhawk.
Beechcraft T-6 Texan II  United States Trainer T-6A
T-6A NTA
25
20
45 T-6A NTA has the capability to carry rocket pods, gun pods, external fuel tanks and bombs (similar to T-6B). [5]
Rockwell T-2 Buckeye  United States Trainer T-2C
T-2E
8
35
43 To be replaced by thirty to forty new trainers. Prime candidates are the T-50, M-346, Hawk and L-159B.
Bombardier CL-215 Scooper  Canada Firefighting CL-215 13 13
Bombardier CL-415 Super Scooper  Canada Firefighting
Firefighting & SAR
415GR
415MP
7
1
8 CL-415MP model have SAR capabilities. It is visually recognisable by the black radome at the nose cone. [6] [7]
PZL-Mielec M-18 Dromader  Poland Firefighting M-18
M-18BS
20
3
23
Grumman G-164A Ag Cat  United States Crop Dusting G-164A 12 12
Agusta A109 Hirundo  Italy MEDEVAC Helicopter A109 3 3
Eurocopter AS 332 Super Puma  France
 Germany
 Spain
CSAR & SAR Helicopter AS 332C1 10 10 Two have MEDEVAC capabilities, while four are operated for SAR and the other four for Combat SAR.
Agusta-Bell AB205  Italy SAR Helicopter AB205A 13 13 To be replaced by fifteen new SAR helicopters. Also to replace the AB 212.
Agusta-Bell AB212  Italy Transport Helicopter AB212 4 4
Bell 47G  United States Utility Helicopter 47G 7 7
TOTAL FLEET 530

[edit] Retired & Historical Aircraft

F-84F
A Hellenic Air Force Dassault Mirage F-1CG displayed at the 2008 HAF air show, in Tanagra airbase, Greece
Hellenic Air Force A-7H Corsair II "Olympus" displayed at the 2008 HAF air show, in Tanagra airbase, Greece
A Hellenic Air Force Embraer EMB-145H AEW&C displayed at the 2008 HAF air show, in Tanagra airbase, Greece
AS-332 Super Puma of the Hellenic Air Force, operated for Search and Rescue (SAR).

[edit] Weapons Inventory

[edit] Navigation & Targeting Pods

  • DB-110: 2
  • LANTIRN-AWNP (F-16 Block 50D & 52+): 24
  • LANTIRN-TP (F-16 Block 50D & 52+): 24
  • F-4E UAP Targeting Pods: 15
  • A-7E Night Navigation Pods: ?

[edit] Anti-aircraft Systems

[edit] Camo

The camo extensively used by the Hellenic Air Force is the "Aegean Ghost" theme (Φάντασμα του Αιγαίου).

[edit] Photo Gallery

[edit] See also

[edit] References

[edit] Further reading

[edit] External links

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