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Hamid Karzai

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His Islamic Excellency
The Honorable
 Hamid Karzai
Ḥāmid Karzay
حامد کرزی
Hamid Karzai

Karzai at the Munich Security Conference in Germany on February 8, 2009
Incumbent
Assumed office 
22 December 2001
Acting until 7 December 2004
Vice President Ahmad Zia Massoud (First)
Karim Khalili (Second)
Preceded by Burhanuddin Rabbani
Born 24 December 1957 (1957-12-24) (age 51)
Karz,[1] Kandahar province, Afghanistan
Political party Independent
Spouse Zeenat Quraishi Karzai
Religion Sunni Islam

Hamid Karzai (Pashto: حامد کرزی - Ḥāmid Karzay) (born 24 December 1957) is the 11th and current President of Afghanistan since December 7, 2004. He became a prominent political figure after the removal of the Taliban regime in late 2001. In December 2001, Hamid Karzai became the Chairman of the Transitional Administration; subsequently he was Interim President from 2002 until he won the 2004 presidential election. Karzai is known for his trademark Karakul hat.[2][3][4][5]

Contents

[edit] Early years and personal life

Hamid Karzai, an ethnic Pashtun of the Popalzai clan of the Durrani tribe, was born in the village of Karz[1], which is located on the edge of Kandahar in southern Afghanistan. He comes from a family that were strong supporters of the former king, Zahir Shah. He has six brothers, including Ahmed Wali Karzai, and one sister. Karzai is well-versed in several languages, including his mother-tongue Pashto, as well as Persian, Urdu, Hindi, English and French.[6]

From 1979 to 1983, Karzai took a postgraduate course in political science at Himachal Pradesh University in Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India. He then returned to work as a fund-raiser by supporting anti-Soviet Mujahideen in Afghanistan during the Soviet intervention for the rest of the 1980s. After the fall of Najibullah's Soviet-backed government in 1992, he served as Deputy Foreign Minister in the government of Burhanuddin Rabbani.

In 1999, Hamid Karzai married Zeenat Quraishi, an obstetrician by profession who was working as a doctor with Afghan refugees living in Pakistan. They have a son born in 2007 and named Mirwais.[7]

[edit] Involvement in the Soviet war in Afghanistan

Karzai helped to provide financial and military support for the Mujahideen in Afghanistan during the Soviet invasion in the 1980s.[8] The Mujahideen were secretly supplied and funded by the United States, and Karzai was a contact for the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) at the time.[9] His brothers had close personal contact with CIA Director William Casey and George H. W. Bush, who was Vice President of the United States.[citation needed] Karzai's brothers immigrated to the United States;[8] however, Hamid Karzai remained in Pakistan during the Soviet occupation.[10] He accompanied the first Mujahideen leaders into Kabul in 1992 following the Soviet withdrawal.[10]

[edit] Former Taliban supporter

Hamid Karzai with American Special Forces in late 2001.

When the Taliban emerged in the 1990s, Karzai was at first one of their supporters but later he broke with them and refused to serve as their U.N. ambassador. However on August 20, 1998, after an attempt by the United States to kill Osama bin Laden with a cruise missile, Karzai said,

“ ...there were many wonderful people in the Taliban.[11] ”

He lived in exile in Quetta, in Pakistan where he worked to reinstate the Afghan king, Zahir Shah. His father, Abdul Ahad Karzai, was assassinated, presumably by Taliban agents, on July 14, 1999, and Karzai swore revenge against the Taliban by working to help overthrow them.[citation needed] In 2001, Hamid Karzai worked closely with the Ahmad Shah Massoud to help gather support for the anti-Taliban movement.

On February 11, 2005, in an interview with the Oxford International Review, Karzai criticizes the role the U.S. played in empowering the Taliban to take control in Afghanistan. He claims he spent many years before the 9/11 attacks warning embassies about the threat, but the West failed to respond, an act of “neglect, selfishness and short-sightedness."

[edit] Chairman to Interim President

Karzai appointed as President of the Afghan Transitional Administration at the July 13, 2002, Loya Jirga in Kabul, Afghanistan.

In the months following the September 11, 2001, attacks in the United States, Mujahideen loyal to the Northern Alliance and other groups worked with the U.S. military to overthrow the Taliban and muster support for a new government in Afghanistan. In October 2001, Hamid Karzai and his group of fighters survived an American friendly fire missile attack in southern Afghanistan. The group suffered injuries and was treated in the United States; Karzai received injuries to his facial nerves as can sometimes be noticed during his speeches.[12]

On November 4 2001, American forces flew Karzai out of Afghanistan for protection.[13]

Karzai in June 2004, being applauded by politicians at the United States Congress in Washington, D.C.

In December 2001, political leaders gathered in Germany to agree on new leadership structures. Under the December 5 Bonn Agreement they formed an interim Transitional Administration and named Karzai Chairman of a 29-member governing committee. He was sworn in as leader on December 22. The Loya Jirga of June 13, 2002, appointed Karzai Interim holder of the new position as President of the Afghan Transitional Administration.

After Karzai was installed into power, his actual authority outside the capital city of Kabul was said to be so limited that he was often derided as the "Mayor of Kabul". Former members of the Northern Alliance remained extremely influential, most notably Vice President Mohammed Fahim, who also served as Defense Minister.

In 2004 he rejected a US proposal to end poppy production in Afghanistan through aerial spraying of chemical herbicides, fearing that it would harm the economic situation of his countrymen. Moreover, Karzai's younger brother, Ahmed Wali Karzai -- who partially helped finance Karzai's presidential campaign -- is rumored to be involved in the heroin trade[14][15] (although Karzai's family were quite wealthy already[citation needed] from owning well established restaurants in the United States.[16]) The situation was particularly delicate since Karzai and his administration have not been equipped either financially or politically to influence reforms outside of the region around the capital city of Kabul. Other areas, particularly the more remote ones, are currently and have historically been under the influence of various local leaders. Karzai has been, to varying degrees of success, attempting to negotiate and form amicable alliances with them for the benefit of Afghanistan as a whole, instead of aggressively fighting them and risking an uprising.

[edit] 2004 presidential election

Inauguration of Hamid Karzai on December 7, 2004, after winning the presidential election.

When Karzai was a candidate in the October 9, 2004, presidential election, he won 21 of the 34 provinces, defeating his 22 opponents and becoming the first democratically elected leader of Afghanistan.

Although his campaigning was limited due to fears of violence, elections passed without significant incident. Following investigation by the UN of alleged voting irregularities, the national election commission on November 3 declared Karzai winner, without runoff, with 55.4% of the vote. This represented 4.3 million of the total 8.1 million votes cast. The election took place safely in spite of a surge of insurgent activity.[17]

Karzai was officially sworn in as President of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan on December 7, 2004, at a formal ceremony in Kabul. Many interpreted the ceremony as a symbolically important "new start" for the war-torn nation. Notable guests at the inauguration included the country's former King, Zahir Shah, all three of the living former US presidents, and U.S. Vice President Dick Cheney.

[edit] President of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan

After winning a democratic mandate in the 2004 election and removing many of the former Northern Alliance warlords from his cabinet, it was thought that Karzai would pursue a more aggressively reformist path in 2005. However, Karzai has proved to be more cautious than was expected.

Ever since Karzai's new administration took over in 2004, the economy of Afghanistan has been growing rapidly for the first time in many years. Government revenue is increasing every year, although it is still heavily dependent on foreign aid.

March 1, 2006, then President George W. Bush and Hamid Karzai appear together in Kabul, Afghanistan.

On September 20, 2006, Karzai told the United Nations General Assembly that Afghanistan has become the "worst victim" of terrorism.[18] Karzai said terrorism is "rebounding" in his country, with militants infiltrating the borders to wage attacks on civilians. He stated, "This does not have its seeds alone in Afghanistan. Military action in the country will, therefore, not deliver the shared goal of eliminating terrorism." He demanded assistance from the international community to destroy terrorist sanctuaries inside and outside Afghanistan. "You have to look beyond Afghanistan to the sources of terrorism," he told the UN General Assembly, and "destroy terrorist sanctuaries beyond" the country, dismantle the elaborate networks in the region that recruit, indoctrinate, train, finance, arm, and deploy terrorists. These activities are also robbing thousands of Afghan children of their right to education, and prevent health workers from doing their jobs in Afghanistan. In addition he promised to eliminate opium-poppy cultivation in the country, which helps fuel the ongoing insurgency. He has repeatedly demanded that NATO and U.S.-led coalition forces take more care when conducting military operations in residential areas to avoid civilian casualties which undermine his government's already weak standing in parts of the country.[19]

In a video broadcast on September 24, 2006, Karzai stated that if the money wasted on the Iraq War was actually spent on rebuilding Afghanistan, his country would "be in heaven in less than one year".[20] In May of 2007, after as many as 51 Afghan civilians were killed in a bombing, Karzai asserted that his government "can no longer accept" casualties caused by the US and NATO operations.[21]

[edit] Assassination attempts

  • September 5, 2002, an assassination attempt was made on Hamid Karzai in Kandahar City. A gunman wearing the uniform of the new Afghan National Army opened fire, wounding Gul Agha Sherzai (former governor of Kandahar) and an American Special Operations officer. The gunman, one of the President's bodyguards, and a bystander who knocked down the gunman were killed when Karzai's American bodyguards returned fire. Recently, some pictures of the U.S. Navy's DEVGRU responding to the attempt have surfaced. Apparently one of their members was wounded.[22]
  • June 10, 2007, the Taliban attempted to assassinate Karzai in Ghazni where Karzai was giving a speech to elders. The Taliban fired approximately 12 rockets, some of which landed 220 yards (200 m) away from the crowd. Karzai was not hurt in the incident and was transported away from the location after finishing his speech.[23][24][25]
Sister project Wikinews has related news: President of Afghanistan uninjured after assassination attempt
  • April 27, 2008: Insurgents, reportedly from the Haqqani network, used automatic weapons and rocket-propelled grenades to attack a military parade that Karzai was attending in Kabul. Karzai was safe, but at least three people were killed, including a parliamentarian, ten-year-old girl and a minority leader, and ten injured.[26][27][28] Others attending the event included government ministers, former warlords, diplomats and the military top brass, all of whom had gathered to mark the 16th anniversary of the fall of the Afghan communist government to the mujahideen. [29] Responding to the attack during the ceremony, the United Nations said the attackers "have shown their utter disrespect for the history and people of Afghanistan."[30]Taliban spokesman Zabihullah Mujahed claimed responsibility for the attack, stating, "We fired rockets at the scene of the celebration." He went on to say there were 6 Taliban at the scene and that 3 were killed. "Our aim was not to directly hit someone," Mujahed said when asked if the intention was to kill Karzai. "We just wanted to show to the world that we can attack anywhere we want to."[30]

[edit] Relations with USA, Iran and Pakistan

In a January 2008 interview, Karzai expressed his feelings towards America by stating: "if I am called a puppet because we are grateful to America, then let that be my nickname."[31] Although the Bush administration in USA often charge that Iran has been meddling in Afghanistan's affairs, Karzai stated that Iran is a "very close friend" of Afghanistan despite accusations of Iranian-made arms being found in Afghanistan.[32]

President Hamid Karzai's 2007 visit to the United States, where he was met by George and Laura Bush at Camp David.

In August 2007 Karzai contradicted US assessments on Iran's role in Afghanistan by saying that Iran has been "a helper and a solution."[33][34] Karzai added that "Iran has been a supporter of Afghanistan, in the peace process that we have and the fight against terror, and the fight against narcotics in Afghanistan..."[34] Also in the same month, on August 5, 2007, Karzai was invited to Camp David in Maryland, USA, for a special meeting with U.S. President George W. Bush.

In October 2007, Karzai again rejected Western accusations against Iran, stating, "We have resisted the negative propaganda launched by foreign states against the Islamic Republic Iran and we stress that aliens' propaganda should not leave a negative impact on the consolidated ties between the two great nations of Iran and Afghanistan."[35] Karzai added, "The two Iranian and Afghan nations are close to each other due to their bonds and commonalities, they belong to the same house and they will live alongside each other for good."[35][36]

In December 2007 Karzai and his delegates went to meet President Pervez Musharraf in Islamabad, Pakistan, for new trade ties and intelligence sharing between the two countries.[37] Karzai also met and had a 45-minute talk with Benazir Bhutto on the morning of December 27, hours before her trip to Liaquat National Bagh where she was assassinated after her speech.[38] In September 2008 Karzai was invited on a special visit to witness the sworn in ceremony of Asif Ali Zardari, who became the new President of Pakistan.[39]

[edit] Seeking peace with militant groups

Since late 2001 Karzai has been trying desperately to bring peace in his country, even going as far as pardoning all militants that would lay down weapons and join the nation's rebuilding process. However, all of his offers have been rejected by the Taliban and other militant groups. In April 2007, Karzai acknowledged that he spoke to militants about trying to bring peace in Afghanistan.[40] He noted that the Afghan militants are always welcome in the country, although foreign insurgents are not.[41] In September 2007, Karzai again offered talks with militant fighters after a security scare forced him to end a commemoration speech.[42] Karzai left the event and was taken back to his palace, where he was due to meet visiting Latvian President Valdis Zatlers. After the meeting the pair held a joint news conference, at which Karzai called for talks with his Taliban foes. "We don't have any formal negotiations with the Taliban. They don't have an address. Who do we talk to?" Karzai told reporters. He further stated: "If I can have a place where to send somebody to talk to, an authority that publicly says it is the Taliban authority, I will do it."[42]

[edit] Honorary degrees and awards

Over the years Hamid Karzai has become a well recognized figure. He has received a number of awards and honorary degrees from famous government and educational institutions around the world. The following are some of his awards and degrees.

[edit] Unocal connection

Karzai has been the talk of many conspiracy theories over his supposed consultant work with Unocal (Union Oil Company of California), since acquired by Chevron in 2005.[46][47] Spokesmen for both Unocal and Karzai have denied any such relationship, although Unocal could not speak for all companies involved in the consortium. The original and only claim that Karzai worked for Unocal originates from a December 6, 2001 issue of the French newspaper Le Monde.[48]

[edit] See also

[edit] References

  1. ^ a b Burke, Jason (2008-03-07). "Hard man in a hard country". The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/jul/20/afghanistan?gusrc=rss&feed=global. Retrieved on 2009-03-14. 
  2. ^ "Hamid Karzai's Famous Hat Made From Aborted Lamb Fetuses" (HTML). Fox News. April 24, 2002. http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,51034,00.html. Retrieved on 2008-05-01. 
  3. ^ "Karakuls burst upon the fashion world" (HTML). Taipei Times. May 27, 2007. http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/bizfocus/archives/2007/05/27/2003362700/print. Retrieved on 2008-05-01. 
  4. ^ "HSUS Investigation Reveals Slaughter of Unborn and Newborn Lambs for Fur" (HTML). Humane Society. December 12, 2000. http://www.infurmation.com/press_detail.php?id=99. Retrieved on 2008-05-01. 
  5. ^ "Transcript of NBC "Dateline" Feature on Karakul Production" (HTML). furcommission. (9:00 PM ET) December 11, 2000, Monday. http://www.furcommission.com/news/newsF02d.htm. Retrieved on 2008-05-01. "Karkakul lambs produce a very soft and supple coat. But the coat thickens quickly, and after the baby lamb is three days old, it's (sic) coat is too thick and rough to be used as fur. So the lambs are slaughtered - the younger, the better." 
  6. ^ "Bio: Hamid Karzai". Fox News. http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,44641,00.html. Retrieved on 2008-02-27. 
  7. ^ BBC News (January 26, 2007), Hamid Karzai becomes father at 49
  8. ^ a b Stockman, Farah (22 May 2005). "Afghan president's brother looks back". Boston Globe. http://www.boston.com/news/world/middleeast/articles/2005/05/22/afghan_presidents_brother_looks_back/. Retrieved on 2009-04-14. 
  9. ^ Mills, Nick (August 31, 2007). Karzai: the failing American intervention and the struggle for Afghanistan (Ilustrated ed.). John Wiley and sons. pp. 240. ISBN 0470134003. 
  10. ^ a b Burke, Jason (20 July 2008). "Hard man in a hard country". The Observer. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/jul/20/afghanistan?gusrc=rss&feed=global. Retrieved on 2009-04-14. 
  11. ^ Marlowe, Ann (February 11, 2008). "Two Myths About Afghanistan". United States: The Washington Post. p. A13. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/02/10/AR2008021001972.html. Retrieved on 2008-02-11. "On Aug. 20, 1998, the day the United States sent cruise missiles to kill Osama bin Laden, Karzai told The Post that "there were many wonderful people in the Taliban. ...So he spent much of the fall offering to negotiate with Taliban chief Mohammad Omar and the vicious warlord Gulbuddin Hekmatyar." 
  12. ^ Afghanistan, from the August 18 — August 25, 2003 issue of TIME magazine
  13. ^ The Guardian, Taliban lose grip on Mazar i Sharif, November 7, 2001
  14. ^ RISEN, JAMES (2008-10-04). "Reports Link Karzai’s Brother to Afghan Heroin Trade". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/05/world/asia/05afghan.html?ref=asia. Retrieved on 2008-10-05. "Both President Karzai and Ahmed Wali Karzai, now the chief of the Kandahar Provincial Council, the governing body for the region that includes Afghanistan’s second largest city, dismiss the allegations as politically motivated attacks by longtime foes." 
  15. ^ Marc W. Herold (March 7, 2006). "Pseudo-development in Karzai's Afghanistan" (HTML). cursor. http://www.cursor.org/stories/emptyspace2.html. Retrieved on 2007-12-11. "but the real power in Kandahar is Wali Ahmad Karzai, the president's drug-trafficking younger brother." 
  16. ^ Jake Halpern, "A Taste of Power," Boston Magazine (January, 2005).
  17. ^ Matthew J. Morgan (9/30/2007). A Democracy Is Born: An Insider's Account of the Battle Against Terrorism in Afghanistan. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 0275999998. http://www.ademocracyisborn.com/. [page needed]
  18. ^ RFE/RL, Karzai Says Afghanistan 'Worst Victim' Of Terrorism
  19. ^ KATHY GANNON (October 18, 2006). "Civilians reported killed by airstrikes as NATO hunts Taliban" (HTML). The Standard Times. http://archive.southcoasttoday.com/daily/10-06/10-19-06/16world-nation.htm. Retrieved on 2008-05-01. 
  20. ^ msnbc (updated 7:31 p.m. ET September 24, 2006). "Karzai says U.S. underfunding Afghanistan" (HTML). pub. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/14986859/. Retrieved on 2007-12-11. "Iraq war money could have stabilized the nation against Taliban surge, he says" 
  21. ^ Pamela Constable (May 3, 2007). "Karzai Says Civilian Toll Is No Longer Acceptable" (HTML). Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/05/02/AR2007050202757.html?hpid=sec-world. Retrieved on 2008-05-01. 
  22. ^ [needs citation]
  23. ^ "UN 'outraged' after assassination attempt on Karzai" (HTML). The Associated Press. June 10, 2007. http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/06/11/asia/AS-GEN-Afghan-Violence.php. Retrieved on 2007-12-11. 
  24. ^ Tim Albone in Kabul (June 11, 2007). "Taleban fail in rocket attempt on Karzai’s life" (HTML). timesonline. http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article1913019.ece. Retrieved on 2007-12-11. 
  25. ^ "Karzai unhurt in Taleban attack" (HTML). BBC News. 10 June 2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/6738201.stm. Retrieved on 2008-05-01. 
  26. ^ Gopal, Amand, "The most deadly US foe in Afghanistan", Christian Science Monitor, May 31, 2009.
  27. ^ "Leaders attack attempt on Karzai's life" (HTML). Sydney Morning Herald. April 28, 2008. http://www.smh.com.au/news/world/leaders-attack-attempt-on-karzais-life/2008/04/28/1209234703430.html. Retrieved on 2008-05-01. 
  28. ^ "Karzai survives Taliban assassination attempt during military parade" (HTML). The Guardian. April 28, 2008. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/apr/28/afghanistan. Retrieved on 2008-05-01. 
  29. ^ "Afghan president survives assassination bid" (HTML). MSNBC. 2:04 p.m. ET April 27, 2008. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/24332573/. Retrieved on 2008-05-01. "ceremony to mark the 16th anniversary of Afghanistan’s victory over the Soviet invasion" 
  30. ^ a b "Afghan president escapes deadly parade attack" (HTML). Google News. 2008. http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5hmW-4fUkegeSQ3uAx2VRfXwxQ-YA. Retrieved on 2008-05-01. 
  31. ^ Karzai: Terrorists could regain control - CNN.com
  32. ^ Karzai: Iran a 'very close friend', Chicago Tribune
  33. ^ Gates: Troop draw downs "possible" this year, Washington Post
  34. ^ a b Karzai at odds with US over Iran | NEWS.com.au
  35. ^ a b "Karzai Underlines Strong Bonds between Iran, Afghanistan" (HTML). pub. 2007-10-20. http://english.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=8607280722. Retrieved on 2007-12-11. 
  36. ^ "Karzai: Anti-Iran propaganda cannot have impact on Tehran-Kabul friendly ties Tehran" (HTML). IRNA. October 20, 2007. http://www2.irna.ir/en/news/view/menu-236/0710207137174726.htm. Retrieved on 2007-12-11. 
  37. ^ Pajhowk Afghan News, Islamabad, Kabul agree on intelligence cooperation, December 27, 2007.
  38. ^ Pajhwok Afghan News, Bhutto, Karzai meeting proved the first & last one, December 28, 2007.
  39. ^ San Francisco Chronicle, Pakistan's Zardari sworn in as new president
  40. ^ "Afghan President Karzai Admits Seeking Peace Talks With Taliban" (HTML). AP. September 24, 2007. http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,297819,00.html?sPage=fnc/world/afghanistan. Retrieved on 2008-05-11. "UNITED NATIONS — Afghan President Hamid Karzai said Sunday his government is working very hard on peace talks with the Taliban that would draw the insurgents and their supporters "back to the fold."" 
  41. ^ http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/17980166
  42. ^ a b "Afghanistan's Karzai urges Taliban talks after scare" (HTML). reuters. September 9, 2007. http://in.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idINIndia-29427920070909. Retrieved on 2007-12-11. 
  43. ^ "Queen gives Karzai knighthood". BBC News. 2003-06-03. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/2968994.stm. Retrieved on 2008-08-01. 
  44. ^ 2004 Recipient Hamid Karzai - Liberty Medal - National Constitution Center
  45. ^ "AFGHAN PRESIDENT HAMID KARZAI CHALLENGES BOSTON UNIVERSITY GRADUATES TO BE GUIDED BY HUMANITY" (HTML). Boston University. May 22, 2005. http://www.bu.edu/phpbin/news/releases/display.php?id=937. Retrieved on 2007-12-11. 
  46. ^ Ilene R. Prusher, Scott Baldauf, and Edward Girardet (June 10, 2002 edition). "Afghan power brokers" (HTML). pub. http://www.csmonitor.com/2002/0610/p01s03e-wosc.html. Retrieved on 2007-12-11. "Cool and worldly, Karzai is a former employee of US oil company Unocal – one of two main oil companies that was bidding for the lucrative contract to build an oil pipeline from Uzbekistan through Afghanistan to seaports in Pakistan – and the son of a former Afghan parliament speaker." 
  47. ^ Tom Turnipseed (January 10, 2002). "A Creeping Collapse in Credibility at the White House:" (HTML). counterpunch. http://www.counterpunch.org/tomenron.html. Retrieved on 2007-12-11. "As reported in Le Monde, the new Afghan government's head, Hamid Karzai, formerly served as a UNOCAL consultant. Only nine days after Karzai's ascension, President Bush nominated another UNOCAL consultant and former Taliban defender, Zalmay Khalilzad, as his special envoy to Afghanistan." 
  48. ^ "Hamid Karzai" (HTML). globalsecurity. 2007. http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/afghanistan/karzai.htm. Retrieved on 2007-12-11. "The claim appears to have originated in the December 9, 2001 issue of the French newspaper Le Monde. Some have suggested that Karzai was confused with U.S. ambassador to Afghanistan Zalmay Khalilzad." 

[edit] External links

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Preceded by
Burhanuddin Rabbani		 President of Afghanistan
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