Civil society campaign
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A civil society campaign is one that is intended to mobilize public support and use democratic tools such as lobbying in order to instigate social change. Civil society campaigns can seek local, national or international objectives. They can be run by dedicated single-issue groups such as Baby Milk Action, or by professional Non-Governmental Organisations, such as the World Development Movement, who may have several campaigns running at any one time. Larger coalition campaigns such as 2005's Make Poverty History may involve a combination of NGOs.
Effective campaigning can sometimes achieve much more that good works or giving to charity. For example, the Jubilee 2000 debt campaign persuaded G7 governments to cancel $100bn of debt owned by poor countries, releasing more money for development than 1,000 years of Christian Aid weeks. In the UK, ASH (Action on Smoking and Health)’s campaign for a ban on smoking in public places in 2006 saved over 2,000 lives and billions of pounds a year. The Empty Homes Agency is working with UK local authorities to bring thousands of properties into use as a result of a successful amendment to the UK Housing Act 2004.
Campaigning is increasingly recognised as an important way for NGOs to achieve their objectives. Many charities employ campaigners, produce campaigning materials and train their supporters to campaign. The [[UK Charities Commission]] says that “charities may undertake campaigning and political activity as a positive way of furthering or supporting their purposes.”[1]
Some organisations, such as the Centre for Policy Studies, want to keep charities and community groups out of politics. Many NGOs and community groups are wary of campaigning. They worry about being political or offending their funders.
The problems voluntary organisations deal with often need political action, as well as good works. Over 200 years ago there were charities for the welfare of slaves, but abolishing the institution of slavery was also necessary. There is still a lot wrong with the world about which to campaign. Not all problems can be solved by campaigning. Sometimes it is better to provide a service, as a private business, a social enterprise or a charity. But many problems are best solved by influencing the policies and actions of an industry, firm, public service or government rather than trying to fix them yourself.
Most campaigns are small, such as improving play space in a park, creating access for people with disabilities or changing work practices. Some tackle very big issues, like climate change, world poverty and injustice. Many campaigns don’t get anywhere or make very slow progress. Some even undermine their own cause, because they turn people off or make mistakes. Influencing others takes skill and knowledge as well as commitment.
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[edit] Wider benefits
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Campaigners are the entrepreneurs and innovators of our political system. They identify needs, problems and opportunities, propose solutions, build support and, if successful, bring about positive change. Society benefits from uppity citizens who promote a cause or challenge decisions, because they
- Test decisions through public debate and scrutiny
- Identify problems that need attention
- Warn about potential risks or unintended consequences
- Increase opportunities
- Improve democracy and our systems for collective decision-making
- Enable diverse groups to be heard and get their needs met
- Create new solutions to social problems
Millions of people have suffered or died because campaigns against cancer, child labour, hunger, injustice and oppression make slow progress. Better campaigning helps society make better decisions, solve problems and increase opportunities.
[edit] Support for Civil Society Campaigners
Campaigning is a legitimate and often necessary activity for NGOs to achieve their goals. There are a growing number of agencies organisations that provide training and support which can help people campaign more effectively, such as
The Sheila McKechnie Foundation
The Campaign for Freedom of Information
[edit] Strategy
Successful campaigners follow the seven steps below to create a campaign [2]
1. Start with the end in mind Create a clear and compelling vision of the future.
2. Know your stuff Research your issues and the people you want to influence. Think about what the problem is you want to solve and then understand the causes.
3. Create a plan/strategy Make a realistic assessment of your current position in relation to the vision. Decide when you will do what (now, soon, later), book enough time in your diary to make it happen, stay focused, and you are likely to achieve your aim. No goal is unrealistic, only timescales. Good planning, effective use of assets, skilled action and luck can shorten timescales dramatically.
4. Get connected, find allies and supporters Who you know is often more important than what you know. A good ally and critical friend or coach is invaluable for support and frank feedback.
5. Communicate Successful campaigns communicate through actions, images, stories and dialogue. Campaigns are a conversation about problems and how to solve them, with people in power, the public and supporters, actual or potential.
6. Build your power Power is the ability to make things happen.
7. Celebrate, give thanks and learn Celebrate every success along the way, however small and thank everyone who helped. Many little wins and thanks motivate people to do more.
[edit] Techniques
[edit] Lobbying
A key element of campaigning is researching and offering policy suggestions. A campaigning organisation will usually attempt to keep track of legislative processes, and mobilise its supporter base to provide mass lobbies at critical junctures. [1]
[edit] Stunts and actions
While civil society campaigners may come from a range of political backgrounds, modern campaigning owes its largest debt to the ideas of the Situationists, such as Guy Debord, who recognised that as society falls increasingly under the thrall of the spectacle, it is impossible to generate political momentum without existing in the visual plane. A frequent tactic of civil society campaigns is thus the deployment of high profile stunts and actions to draw attention to their cause. An example of a stunt is the group Fathers4Justice dressing as popular superheroes and scaling tall buildings to draw attention to their cause. The occupation of the Brent Spar platform by Greenpeace to prevent Shell dumping it at sea was an action rather than a stunt as it had intrinsic influence as well as generating publicity. [2]
[edit] Direct Action
Direct action is politically motivated activity undertaken by individuals, groups, or governments to achieve political goals outside of normal social/political channels.
[edit] Human Rights
Human rights refer to the "basic rights and freedoms to which all humans are entitled." Campaigners use the Human Rights Act, such as the right to life and liberty, freedom of expression, to further their cause.
[edit] Using the Arts
Some campaigners use the arts to get their message across. For example, radical cheerleading is used at demonstrations to promote a radical message in a media-friendly, people-friendly way.
[edit] Demonstrations
A demonstration is a form of nonviolent action by groups of people in favor of a political or other cause, normally consisting of walking in a march and a meeting (rally) to hear speakers
[edit] Petitions
A petition is a request to change some thing, most commonly made to a government official or public entity
[edit] Social Media
The use of social media is helping campaigners to recruit members and communicate. Social media can take many different forms, including Internet forums, weblogs, social blogs, wikis, podcasts, pictures and video.
[edit] Influencing Parliament
In the UK, Parliamentary Outreach works with NGOs to help them to understand Parliamentary processes
[edit] Freedom of Information Legislation
Campaigners can now use Freedom of Information legislation to request Government held information and receive it freely or at minimum cost.
[edit] Training
Skills for civil society campaigning involve a combination of confidence, contacts, competence and cunning. The Scarman Trusts’s review of campaigning training[3] for the Sheila McKechnie Foundation identified the following lessons for campaign training
- The best introduction to campaigning is by campaigning (learning by doing)
- Lack of knowledge can lead to wasted effort, with campaigns focused on activity rather than results and output rather than outcomes
- Training is ineffective without organisational support structures and networks
- Generic campaign training needs to be clear how it will deal with people whose aims and values are incompatible with democratic values
- Experienced campaigners need opportunities to share their knowledge, refresh their skills and ask more critical questions about their work, as well as share experience with new campaigners
[edit] References
- ^ Charity Commission, CC9 - Speaking Out - Guidance on Campaigning and Political Activity by Charities, <www.charity-commission.gov.uk/publications/cc9.asp#2>
- ^ Learning Power, Titus Alexander, The Scarman Trust, 2007
- ^ Campaigning training in the UK by Karen Gavelin & Titus Alexander, Sheila McKechnie Foundation, 2006, www.sheilamckechnie.org.uk
