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Cardiothoracic surgery is the field of medicine involved in surgical treatment of diseases affecting organs inside the thorax (the chest). Generally treatment of conditions of the heart (heart disease) and lungs (lung disease).
[edit] Cardiac / Thoracic
Cardiac surgery (involving the heart and great vessels) and thoracic surgery (involving the lungs and any other thoracic organ) are separate surgical specialties, except in the USA, where they are frequently grouped together, so that a surgeon training in the cardiothoracic specialty will receive a broader but less specialized experience in both fields.
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