Belgian Air Component

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Air Component of the Belgian Armed Forces
One of the F-16 Fighting Falcons of the Belgian Air Component
Active	1909-1915: Company of Aviators 1915-1940: Military Aviation 1940-1946: Belgian Section, RAF 1946-1949: Military Aviation 1949-2002: Belgian Air Force 2002-present: Air Component
Country	Belgium
Size	8,600 personnel
Commanders
Commander	Lieutenant-General Gerard Van Caelenberge
Insignia
Roundel
Identification symbol

The Air Component, formerly the Belgian Air Force, is the air arm of the Belgian Armed Forces. The current commander is Lieutenant-General Gerard Van Caelenberge.

[edit] Early years

The Belgian Air Force was founded in 1909 as a branch of the Belgian Army. It originally carried the name of Compagnie des Ouvries et Aérostiers. At the start of the First World War, the military aviation branch consisted of four squadrons equipped with Farman aircraft. In March 1915 it was expanded to six squadrons. During the war the Belgian squadrons were equipped with Nieuport 10, Nieuport 11, Nieuport 17, Hanriot HD.1, SPAD S.VII, SPAD S.XIII and Sopwith Camel. One of its' pilots, Willy Coppens, even became the top ranking "balloon buster" of German observation balloons of World War I.

During the interbellum, the Belgian Air Force flew with Breguet 19.

At the start of World War II, the Army Air Force had three active Air Force Regiments. Planes which were used by those regiments were the Renard R-31 and R-32, the Fiat CR.42, the Hawker Hurricane, the Gloster Gladiator, the Fairey Fox, and the Fairey Battle. These were massacred by the much superior German Luftwaffe in the German invasion of May 1940.

The following (possibly incomplete) table lists the inventory of the Belgian Air Force as in May 1940^[1]

Aircraft	Origin	Type	Year acquired	In service
Fairey Battle	United Kingdom	Light bomber	1938	16
Fairey Fox	United Kingdom	Light bomber & observation	1933-1938	154
Fiat CR.42	Italy	Fighter	1940	27
Fokker F.VII	Netherlands	Transport	1935	9
Gloster Gladiator	United Kingdom	Fighter	1937	22
Hawker Hurricane	United Kingdom	Fighter	1939	20
Koolhoven FK.56	Netherlands	Advanced Trainer	1940	12
LACAB GR.8	Belgium	Bomber prototype	1936	1
Morane-Saulnier MS.230	France	Observation	1932	23
Potez 33	France	Light bomber & reconnaissance	1930	10
Renard R.31	Belgium	Observation	1935	33
Renard R.38	Belgium	Fighter prototype	1940	1
SABCA S-47 / Caproni Ca.335	Belgium /  Italy	Light bomber prototype	1940	1
Savoia-Marchetti SM.73	Italy	Transport	1940	8
Savoia-Marchetti SM.83	Italy	Transport	1940	3
Stampe-et-Vertongen SV-5	Belgium	Training	1936	21
Stampe-et-Vertongen SV-22	Belgium	Training	1933	10
Stampe-et-Vertongen SV-26	Belgium	Training	1933	10

Before the outbreak of the war Belgium also sought to equip its Aviation Militaire with foreign designs, ordering production licences in Poland and France and aircraft in the USA. However, the acquired licences could not be used until May 1940 and the aircraft produced in the USA were eventually delivered to France and to the United Kingdom. The following table summarizes Belgiums foreign orders:

Aircraft	Origin	Type	Year acquired	Number
Breguet 693	France	Light bomber and assault aircraft	1940	licence to build 32
Brewster B-339	United States	Fighter	1939	40 ordered, 1 delivered to Bordeaux, 6 to Martinique, rest to RAF[2]
Douglas DB-7	United States	Medium bomber	1939	16 ordered
PZL.37 Łoś	Poland	Medium bomber	1938	licence to build unknown number

After the surrender of Belgium on 28 May 1940, a very small Belgian Air Force in exile was created in Great Britain. This small force was active within the British Royal Air Force, and its squadrons were equipped with versions of the much better aircraft, the Supermarine Spitfire and Hawker Typhoon.

[edit] During the Cold War

The F-84 Thunderjet was operated by the Belgian Air Force during the Cold War

The Westland Sea King is used by the Air Component for search and rescue operations

On October 15, 1946, the Belgian military aviation was turned into an autonomous force, independent of the Belgian Army.

During the Cold War, at various times the Belgian Air Force operated the following aircraft:

Aircraft	Origin	Description	Variants	Operated	Notes
Aero Commander 560F	United States	Twin-engined light transport	560F	1	1961 to 1973 as royal transport
Airspeed Consul	United Kingdom	Twin-engined light transport		4	Used from 1948 in Belgian Congo.
Airspeed Oxford	United Kingdom	Twin-engined light transport		20	Operated between 1947 and 1954.
Auster AOP6	United Kingdom	Single-engine light observation aircraft,		22	Operated between 1947 and 1955.
Avro Anson	United Kingdom	Twin-engined light transport		15	Operated between 1946 and 1954.
Avro-Canada CF-100 Canuck	Canada	Twin-jet interceptor	Mk 5	53	Operated from 1957 into the mid 1960s.
Boeing 727-200	United States	Three-engined jet airliner	727-29C	2	Operated from 1975.
Dassault Mirage 5	France  Belgium	Jet fighter-bomber and reconnaissance	5BA 5BD 5BR	63 16 27	Operated from 1970. 10 where build in Belgium
Dassault Falcon	France	Twin-engined light jet transport	20E	2	Operated from 1973.
de Havilland Tiger Moth	United Kingdom	Biplane trainer		15	Operated from 1946.
de Havilland Dominie	United Kingdom	Biplane transport		7	Operated from 1946.
de Havilland Mosquito	United Kingdom	Twin-engined piston light fighter-bomber	TT3 NF30	7 24	Operated from 1947 as target tugs and night fighters.
de Havilland Canada Chipmunk	Canada	Single-engined piston trainer		2	For evaluation from 1948.
Alpha Jet	France	Ground attack	Alpha Jet B	33
Douglas C-47 Dakota	United States	Passenger/troop transport		41	Operated in various roles between 1946 and 1976.
Douglas DC-4	United States	Four-engined piston airliner		2	Operated from 1950 to 1969.
Douglas DC-6	United States	Four-engined piston airliner		4	Operated from 1954 to 1960.
Fairchild C-119 Flying Boxcar	United States	Twin-engined troop or cargo transport	C-119F C-119G	46	Operated from 1952 to 1973.
Fouga Magister	France Germany	Jet trainer	CM.170R	50	Operated from 1960
SABCA F-16	Belgium	Fighter	F-16A F-16B	94 20	Built under licence in Belgium and Netherland.
Gloster Meteor	United Kingdom	Jet fighter	F4 T7 F8 NF11	48 43 260 24	Operated from 1949 some built in Belgium and Netherlands
Hawker Hurricane	United Kingdom	Piston fighter	II	3	Operated from 1946
SABCA Hunter	Belgium	Jet fighter	F4 F6	148 144	Operated from 1956 all built in Belgium under licence
Hawker Siddeley 748	United Kingdom	Twin-engined transport	2A	3	Operated from 1976
Lockheed T-33	United States	Single engine jet	T-33A RT-33A	38 1	Operated from 1952
SABCA F-104 Starfighter	Belgium	Multi-role jet	F-104G TF-104G	100 12	Operated from 1963, Belgian-built
Miles Magister	United Kingdom	Single-engines trainer		1	Operated from 1946 to 1948
Miles Martinet	United Kingdom	Single-engined target tug		11	Operated from 1947 to 1953
North American Harvard	United States	Basic trainer	Various	173	Operated in Belgian Kongo
Percival Proctor	United Kingdom	Single-engined liaison	IV	6	Operated from 1947
Percival Pembroke	United Kingdom	Twin-engined light transport	C51	12	Operated from 1954.
Republic F-84 Thunderjet	United States	Single-engined fighter-bomber	F-84E F-84G	213	Operated from 1951
Republic F-84F Thunderstreak	United States	Single-engined fighter-bomber	F-84F	197	Operated from 1955
Republic RF-84F Thunderflash	United States	Single-engined reconnaissance	RF-84F	34	Operated from 1955
SIAI-Marchetti SF.260	Italy	Single-engined trainer	SF.260MB	36	Operated from 1969
Stampe SV.4	Belgium  France	Biplane trainer	SV-4B SV-4C	20 45	Operated from 1948
Supermarine Spitfire	United Kingdom	Piston-engined fighter	IX and XVI	181	Operated from 1945
Swearingen Merlin	United States	Twin-engined light transport	Merlin 3A	6	Operated from 1976
Westland Sea King	United Kingdom	Rescue helicopter	Mk 48	5	Operated from 1976

[edit] Post-Cold War reforms - COMOPSAIR

In the beginning of the nineties, the end of the Cold War caused the Belgian government to restructure the Belgian Armed Forces in order to cope with the changed threats. This meant cutbacks and crimping of the Armed Forces. The Belgian Air Force was hit hard and saw its strength more than halved with the disbanding of the 3rd Tactical Wing in Bierset (1994); the disbanding of the 1st Fighter Wing in Beauvechain; the 9th Training Wing in Sint-Truiden; and the Elementary Flying School in Goetsenhoven (1996).

In 2002, the Belgian government decided to emulate Canada and impose a "single structure" on its armed forces in which the independent Belgian Air Force ceased to exist. The former Air Force became the Belgium Air Component (COMOPSAIR) of the Armed Forces. COMOPSAIR nowadays consists of 2nd Tactical Wing in Florennes and 10th Tactical Wing in Kleine Brogel, both flying F-16's in 4 squadrons. Out of the 160 F-16s originally bought by Belgium, only 105 were upgraded; with further reductions to 72 aircraft in 2005; and planned to 60 by 2015. The 1st Wing at Beauvechain is assigned with the training of pilots for which the Marchetti propellor-driven trainer aircraft is used for elementary training, and the Alpha Jet for advanced training. Advanced fighter training occurs in the F-16 at Kleine Brogel.

An Agusta A109 of the Air Component

COMOPSAIR still uses the Lockheed C-130 Hercules in the 15th Air Transport Wing based at Melsbroek, Belgium, which in time is planned to be replaced by seven Airbus A400M transport planes. VIPs are transported with Embraer 135/145 jets, the Dassault 20/900 and the Airbus A310. The Sea King helicopters and the Alouette III SAR helicopters will be active for years. They will be replaced by NH-90's (10: 4 NFH + 6 TTH).

In 2004, as part of the new unified structure, the Army Aviation units were transferred to the COMOPSAIR. These contain the Agusta A109 attack helicopter, and the Alouette II training and recce helicopter.

Within the framework of its commitments within the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, NATO. Belgium has allotted its 72 F-16s to NATO purposes. Two squadrons with a total of 16 aircraft have been designated for use by the Rapid Reaction Forces.

In February 2008, minister of defence Pieter De Crem announced that due to increasing problems and poor servicability, the 2 A310's are to be replaced as soon as possible by two aircraft in the same class.

[edit] Recent Operations

Belgian Air Component F-16 in Brno

In January 1991, 18 Mirage 5 aircraft of the 3rd Tactical Wing were deployed to Turkey's Diyarbakır air base. During this operation, Belgian planes carried out several flights along the Iraqi border. After this operation the obsolete Mirage 5's were phased out.

On July 15, 1996 a C-130 with serial CH-06 carrying 37 members of the Dutch Army Fanfare Band and 4 crew crashed at Eindhoven after a birdstrike while executing a go-around resulting in the loss of power to three engines. 34 Netherlands military were killed as a result of the crash and onboard fire, only 7 survived.

From October 1996 on, the Belgian Air Force cooperated with the Dutch Royal Air Force in the Deployable Air Task Force in patrolling former Yuguslavian airspace. F-16s of the 2nd and 10th Tactical Wings, operating from the Italian bases of Villafranca and Amendola, were assigned to missions insuring the control of a No-Fly Zone over Yugoslavia, and providing the air support necessary for UN and NATO troops. Between March 24 and June 10, 1999, 12 Belgian F-16s carried out 679 combat sorties - the first time since the second World War that Belgian aircraft took part in active war operations in enemy territory - against Serbia during the Kosovo crisis. The last Belgian F-16 detachment left Italy in August 2001.

On March 29, 2004, four F-16s from Kleine Brogel were transferred under NATO's Baltic Air Policing mission to the Sioulai air base in Lithuania for three months, where they were employed in monitoring the Lithuanian, Latvian, and Estonian skies.

In July 2005, four F-16s deployed to Afghanistan to support the NATO International Security Assistance Force.[1]

On September 9, 2005, an F-16 crashed near Vlieland, The Netherlands. The pilot was killed.

In 2006, Belgian Hunter unmanned air vehicles deployed to the Democratic Republic of the Congo as part of the EU EUFOR peacekeeping mission.

On May 5, 2006, a Belgian C-130 "Hercules" undergoing updating at the Sabena Technics was destroyed when the hangar that it was in burned to the ground. The C-130 and three commercial planes were destroyed beyond recovery. The Belgian Air Force announced its intention to acquire a second hand C-130 to replace the one lost in the fire. A month later, the Air Component acquired a C-130E from the American operator Evergreen (serial N130EV, to become CH14).

On December 1, 2006 the Belgian Air Force deployed again under Baltic Air Policing mission four F-16 MLU aircraft to Siauliai Air Base in Lithuania, where they are used to protect the airspace of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. Belgium deploys F-16s to police Baltic airspace

As from August 2008, four F-16's will be deployed to Kandahar in Afghanistan in support of the Dutch land forces.^[3]

On June 27, 2008 an Agusta A109 helicopter crashed in Halleux. The pilot, co-pilot, a doctor and a nurse where injured.

[edit] Strength

F-16 Fighting Falcon.

The first Airbus A400M, surrounded by EADS employees, during the aircraft's world presentation (roll-out), celebrated in Seville on 26 June 2008.

Helicopter Westland Sea King Mk48 RS01 from Belgium Air Force at Tours (France) air meeting.

(RQ-5) unmanned aircraft

Aircraft	Origin	Type	Versions	In service[4]	Notes
Aérospatiale SA 318 Alouette II	France	Light Utility Helicopter	SA 318C	5[5]	3 will remain in service until 2011
Aérospatiale SA 316 Alouette III	France	Light Utility Helicopter	SA 316B	3	Mainly used by Belgian Navy
Agusta A109	Italy	Light Recce/Attack Helicopter	A109BA	41
Dassault Mirage 5	Belgium  France	Jet fighter-bomber and reconnaissance	Total 5BD 5BR 5BA	32 4 13 15	are stored
Fouga Magister	France Germany	Jet trainer	CM.170R	9	one Operated for airshow acrobatics rest are in reserve
Airbus A310	European Union	VIP / Troop Transport Aircraft	A310-222	2	Replacement intended following period of poor reliability[6]
Airbus A400M	European Union	Medium Transport Aircraft	A400M	0	Intention to order 7, with deliveries from 2018[5]
Aermacchi SF.260	Italy	Propeller-driven Trainer	Total SF.260D SF.260M	34 9 25
SABCA Alpha Jet	Belgium	Jet Trainer	Alpha Jet 1B+	29	Based in France for joint training with French Air Force
Dassault Falcon 20	France	Light Transport Aircraft	Falcon 20E-5	2
Dassault Falcon 900	France	Light Transport Aircraft	Falcon 900B	1
Embraer ERJ 135	Brazil	Light Transport Aircraft	ERJ 135LR	2
Embraer ERJ 145	Brazil	Light Transport Aircraft	ERJ 145LR	2
Grob G-102 Astir	Germany	Trainer Sailplane	G-102	6	Used by Air Cadets
Lockheed C-130 Hercules	United States	Medium Transport Aircraft	C-130-10	12	1 C-130E ordered and delivered; modification to H standard done, operational for begin 2009[5]
Lockheed Martin F-16 Fighting Falcon	Belgium	Multirole Fighter	Total F-16AM F-16BM	69 54 15	MLU versions license-built and developed by SABCA
NHI NH90	European Union	Transport Helicopter	Total NFH TTH	10 4 6	To be delivered from 2011
RQ-5 Hunter (B-Hunter)	Israel	Reconnaissance UAV	MQ-5B	6 aircraft and two ground control stations
Westland Sea King	United Kingdom	Search and rescue helicopter	Mk.48	4	One has been retired, another is to be used for spare parts leaving only 3 airworthy Sea Kings

[edit] See also

• List of F-104 Starfighter operators

[edit] References

[edit] Notes

[edit] Bibliography

[edit] External links

• Official website

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